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Anatomy 1 > Intercostal Spaces > Flashcards

Intercostal Spaces Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three parts of the intercostal muscle?

A
  1. External intercostal muscle/Anterior intercostal membrane
  2. Internal intercostal
  3. Innermost intercostal
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2
Q

When does the external intercostal muscle turn into the anterior intercostal membrane?

A

At the sagittal level of the costochondral joint

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3
Q

What passes between the internal and innermost intercostal muscle?

A
  1. Intercostal vein
  2. Intercostal artery
  3. Intercostal nerve
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4
Q

What direction do external muscle fibres run?

A

Medial and down

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5
Q

What direction do internal and innermost muscle fibres run?

A

Lateral and down

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6
Q

With regards to respiration, what is the difference between external and internal intercostal muscles?

A

External intercostal muscles are responsible for forced and quiet inhalation, where internal intercostal muscles are responsible for forced exhalation

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7
Q

In what order does the neurovascular bundle run?

A
  1. Vein
  2. Artery
  3. Nerve
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8
Q

Where on the rib is the neurovascular bundle found?

A

Costal groove

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9
Q

What are 4 the branches of the intercostal nerve?

A
  1. Lateral Cutaneous Branch
  2. Small Collateral Branch
  3. Anterior Cutaneous Branch
  4. Muscular branches
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10
Q

Where do intercostal nerves arise from in T1 to T11?

A

Anterior rami of thoracic spinal nerves

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11
Q

What is the collateral branch of the intercostal nerve?

A

Runs parallel to the main nerve on the upper boarder of the rib below

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12
Q

What is the function of the lateral cutaneous branch of the intercostal nerve?

A

Innervates skin on the side of the thoracic wall

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13
Q

What is the function of the anterior cutaneous branch of the intercostal nerve?

A

Innervates skin near midline of chest

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14
Q

What is the muscular branch of the intercostal nerve?

A

Goes to intercostal muscles

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15
Q

Where does the internal thoracic artery arise from?

A

1st part of the subclavian artery

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16
Q

Where does the internal thoracic artery descend to?

A

Level of the 6th intercostal space

17
Q

What happens to the internal thoracic artery at the level of the 6th intercostal space?

A

It bifurcates into superior epigastric and musculophrenic arteries

18
Q

What is a dermatome?

A

An area of skin innervated by sensory fibres from a single spinal nerve

19
Q

What is the mediastinum?

A

The potential space between lungs, posterior to sternum, anterior to vertebral column and above the diaphragm

20
Q

What are the 2 sections of the mediastinum?

A
  1. Superior mediastinum

2. Inferior mediastinum

21
Q

Where is the boundary of the superior and inferior mediastinum?

A

Level of the sternal angle

22
Q

What are the 3 sections of the inferior mediastinum?

A
  1. Anterior mediastinum
  2. Middle mediastinum
  3. Posterior mediastinum
23
Q

What are the 6 structures found at the sternal angle?

A
  1. Start and end of aortic arch
  2. Division between superior and inferior mediastinum
  3. Upper margin of superior vena cava
  4. Bifurcation of pulmonary trunk
  5. Rib 2 attaches to sternum
  6. Level of body of T4 vertebra
24
Q

What are the 3 branches of the aorta?

A
  1. Brachiocephalic Trunk
  2. Left Common Carotid Artery
  3. Left Subclavian Artery
25
Q

What divides inferior mediastinum into 3 sections?

A

Heart

26
Q

What are 4 main features of the superior mediastinum?

A
  1. Aortic arch
  2. Trachea and Oesophagus
  3. Vagus nerves
  4. Thoracic duct
27
Q

What are 2 main features of the anterior mediastinum?

A
  1. Mediastinal branches of internal thoracic vessels

2. Sternopericardial ligaments

28
Q

What is the function of sternopericardial ligaments?

A

Attaches the heart to the sternum

29
Q

What is the main feature of the middle mediastinum?

A

Heart

30
Q

What are the 4 main features of the posterior mediastinum?

A
  1. Azygous and hemizygous veins
  2. Sympathetic chains
  3. Descending aorta
  4. Trachea and Oesophagus
31
Q

Where is the thoracic duct found?

A

Left hand side of the azygous vein

32
Q

At what level does the azygous vein drain into the superior vena cava?

A

Level of T4 vertebra

33
Q

What is the anterior cutaneous branch of the intercostal nerve?

A

The terminal portion of the intercostal nerve

Anatomy 1 (20 decks)

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