Anterior Abdominal Wall Flashcards
What are the 3 main areas of the pelvic bone?
- Pubis
- Ilium
- Ischium
Where does the femur articulate with the pelvic bone?
Acetabulum
What is the most superior part of the pelvic bone?
Iliac crest
What is the most inferior part of the pelvic bone?
Ischial tuberosity
What divides the two sciatic notches?
Ischial spine
What is the line found between articular surface of pubic symphysis and articular surface of sacroiliac joint?
Arcuate line
What is the opening in the pubis called?
Obturator foramen
What are the 2 planes which divide the abdomen into quadrants?
- Midsagittal plane
2. Transumbilical plane
What are the 3 planes which divide the abdomen into regions?
- Midclavicular planes
- Vertebral level L3
- Vertebral level L5
What are 2 other names for the plane of vertebral level L3?
- Subcostal plane
2. 10th costal margin
What is another name for the plane of vertebral level L5?
Intertubercular plane (between iliac tubercles on either pelvic bone)
What are the 9 regions of the abdomen?
- Right hypochondrium
- Epigastric
- Left hypochondrium
- Right flank
- Umbilical
- Left flank
- Right inguinal
- Hypogastric
- Left inguinal
What is found in the right hypochondrium region of abdomen?
Right lobe of liver
What is found in the epigastric region of abdomen?
Liver and stomach
What is found in the left hypochondrium region of abdomen?
Left lobe of liver and spleen
What is found in the right flank region of abdomen?
Ascending colon
What is found in the umbilical region of abdomen?
Small intestine
What is found in the left flank region of abdomen?
Descending colon
What is found in the right inguinal region of abdomen?
Caecum and appendix
What is found in the hypogastric region of abdomen?
Lower part of small intestine, bladder and uterus
What is found in the left inguinal region of abdomen?
Sigmoid colon
What nerves provide innervation of anterior abdominal wall?
Intercostal nerves T7 - T11, subcostal nerve T12 and L1
What area does T6 innervate?
Skin over xiphoid process
What area does T10 innervate?
Skin around umbilicus
What area does L1 innervate?
Skin and muscle in inguinal and suprapubic regions of abdominal wall
What are the 4 muscles which form the abdominal muscle?
- External oblique
- Internal oblique
- Transversus abdominis
- Rectus abdominis (enclosed in rectus sheath)
In what direction do external oblique fibres run?
Down and medial
In what direction do internal oblique fibres run?
Down and lateral
In what direction do transversus abdominis fibres run?
Transverse
What two arteries form anastomosis behind rectus abdominis muscle?
Superior and inferior epigastric artery
What divides rectus abdominis into discrete sections?
Tendinous intersections
What is an aponeurosis in terms of the abdomen?
The tendon which joins the abdominal muscles to each other and the skin
Between what two levels does the aponeurosis of the internal oblique split?
Costal margin and level of anterosuperior iliac spine
What is the function of the aponeurosis of the internal oblique splitting?
Encloses the rectus abdominis muscle
What forms the anterior aspect of the rectus sheath above the arcuate line?
Aponeurosis of external oblique muscle and anterior half of aponeurosis of internal oblique muscle
What forms the posterior aspect of the rectus sheath above the arcuate line?
Posterior half of aponeurosis of internal oblique muscle and aponeurosis of transversus abdominis muscle
How does the arrangement of the rectus sheath change below the arcuate line?
Posterior wall is formed only by fascia transversalis so rectus muscle is in contact with fascia transversalis
What 4 things can be contained in the rectus sheath?
- Rectus abdominis
- Pyramidalis
- Anterior rami of lower 6 thoracic nerves
- Superior and inferior epigastric vessels
What is the tendon which runs medially between the two rectus abdominis muscles?
Linea alba
What nerves supply the rectus abdominis?
Lower 6 thoracic nerves
What 3 nerves supply the oblique and transversus abdominis muscles?
- Lower six thoracic nerves
- Iliohypogastric
- Ilioinguinal
How many arteries supply the antero-lateral abdominal wall?
8
What are the 8 arteries which supply the antero-lateral abdominal wall?
- Superior epigastric
- Musculophrenic
- Inferior epigastric
- Deep circumflex
- Inferior phrenic
- Lower posterior intercostal
- Subcostal
- Lumbar
Where does the superior epigastric artery arise?
Internal thoracic artery
Where does the musculophrenic artery arise?
Internal thoracic artery
Where does the inferior epigastric artery arise?
External iliac artery
Where does the deep circumflex artery arise?
External iliac artery
Where does the inferior phrenic artery arise?
Abdominal aorta
Where does the lower posterior intercostal artery arise?
Thoracic aorta
Where does the subcostal artery arise?
Thoracic aorta
Where do lumbar arteries arise?
Abdominal aorta