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Anatomy 1 > Bones > Flashcards

Bones Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of bones

A

Rigid structures which form the framework of the body

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2
Q

Give 6 functions of the bones

A
  1. Form skeleton for support
  2. Provide attachment to muscles
  3. Allow different movements by acting as levers
  4. Protective function of vital organs
  5. Important storage for salts
  6. Hematopoietic function by producing new blood cells
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3
Q

What are the two parts of the skeleton?

A
  1. Axial Skeleton

2. Appendicular Skeleton

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4
Q

What makes up the axial skeleton?

A

Skull, vertebral column and thoracic cage

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5
Q

What are the three areas of the sternum?

A
  1. Manubrium
  2. Body
  3. Xiphoid Process
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6
Q

What makes up the appendicular skeleton?

A

Upper and lower limbs including shoulder and pelvic girdle

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7
Q

What are the four segments of the upper and lower limbs?

A
  1. Girdle (pectoral / pelvic)
  2. Proximal segment (arm / thigh)
  3. Intermediate segment (forearm / leg)
  4. Distal segment (hand / foot)
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8
Q

From and including the girdle of the arm, name the order of bones and joints down the arm

A
  1. Scapula / Clavicle
  2. Shoulder Joint
  3. Humerus
  4. Elbow Joint
  5. Radius / Ulna
  6. Wrist Joint
  7. Carpals
  8. Carpometacarpal Joint
  9. Metacarpals
  10. Metacarpophalangeal Joint
  11. Phalanges
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9
Q

From and including the girdle of the leg, name the order of bones and joints down the leg

A
  1. Hip Bone
  2. Hip Joint
  3. Femur
  4. Knee Joint
  5. Tibia / Fibula
  6. Ankle Joint
  7. Tarsals
  8. Tarsometatarsal Joint
  9. Metatarsals
  10. Metatarsophalangeal Joint
  11. Phalanges
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10
Q

What are the two types of bone by structure?

A
  1. Compact

2. Spongy / Cancellous

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11
Q

What is compact bone?

A

Dense hard material which makes up the shaft of long bones

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12
Q

What is spongy bone?

A

Delicate bony meshwork, consisting of irregularly shaped plates called trabeculae, which fills the inside of bones

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13
Q

What are the 6 ways to classify bones by shape?

A
  1. Long
  2. Short
  3. Irregular
  4. Flat
  5. Pneumatic
  6. Sesamoid
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14
Q

What is a long bone and give 2 examples of a long bone

A

Consists of a long shaft and two ends

Femur / Humerus

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15
Q

What is a short bone and give 2 examples

A

Cupoidal bones composed of spongy bone and a thin cover of compact bone
Carpals / Tarsals

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16
Q

What is an irregular bone and give 2 examples

A

Irregularly shaped bone made up of spongy bone and a thin cover of compact bone
Vertebrae / Facial Bones

17
Q

What is a flat bone and give 2 examples

A

Thin, flattened bone composed of spongy bone and covered on both sides by a thin layer of compact bone
Scapula / Cranial Bones

18
Q

What is a pneumatic bone and give an example

A

Bones which have an air filled cavity

Maxilla

19
Q

What is a sesamoid bone and give an example

A

Small nodules of bone present in some tendons

Patella in the knee joint

20
Q

What are the three arteries by which blood is supplied to the bone?

A
  1. Periosteal
  2. Nutrient
  3. Articular
21
Q

What is the periosteum?

A

A thin, fibrous, transparent, connective tissue membrane which covers all bones

22
Q

What is the nutrient foramina?

A

A small opening in the bone where the nutrient arteries pass through

23
Q

Which part of the bone are periosteal arteries responsible for nourishing?

A

Compact bone

24
Q

Which part of the bone are nutrient arteries responsible for nourishing?

A

Spongy bone

25
Q

What are articular arteries?

A

Arteries which enter the bone as epiphyseal and metaphyseal arteries to supply ends of the bone at a joint

26
Q

What are the two types of ossification?

A
  1. Membranous

2. Endochondral

27
Q

What is membranous ossification and where does it happen?

A

When connective tissue membranes are directly replaced by bony tissue. It happens in some flat and irregular bones in the skull

28
Q

What is endochondral ossification?

A

When hyaline cartilages are replaced by bony tissue

Anatomy 1 (20 decks)

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