Arteries and Veins of Systemic Circulation

Question 1

Where is the descending thoracic aorta found?

Answer 1

Posterior mediastinum

Question 2

What vertebrae does the descending thoracic aorta run between?

Answer 2

T4 - T12

Question 3

What is the name of the place where the descending aorta changes?

Answer 3

Aortic hiatus

Question 4

At the aortic hiatus, what does the descending aorta become?

Answer 4

Abdominal aorta

Question 5

Name the 5 main branches which come from the descending aorta

Answer 5

1. Pericardial branches
2. Bronchial arteries
3. Oesophageal arteries
4. Superior phrenic arteries
5. Posterior intercostal arteries

Question 6

At what vertebral level does the aortic arch begin and end?

Answer 6

T4

Question 7

Name the 3 branches which come from the arch of the aorta

Answer 7

1. Brachiocephalic
2. Left Common Carotid
3. Left Subclavian

Question 8

What happens to the brachiocephalic trunk?

Answer 8

Bifurcates into the right common carotid and the right subclavian

Question 9

What are the main 3 parts of the abdominal aorta?

Answer 9

1. 5 paired parietal branches
2. 3 paired visceral branches
3. 3 unpaired GIT branches

Question 10

Describe the 5 paired parietal branches of the abdominal aorta

Answer 10

One inferior phrenic artery and four posterior lumbar arteries

Question 11

Describe the 3 paired visceral branches of the abdominal aorta

Answer 11

Renal arteries, suprarenal arteries and gonadal arteries

Question 12

Describe the 3 unpaired GIT branches of the abdominal aorta

Answer 12

One celiac trunk, one superior mesenteric artery and one inferior mesenteric artery

Question 13

At what level does the abdominal aorta bifurcate?

Answer 13

L4

Question 14

Describe the naming progression of the subclavian artery as the artery descends the upper limb

Answer 14

1. Subclavian artery
2. Axillary artery
3. Brachial artery
4. Radial/Ulnar arteries

Question 15

Where does the subclavian artery become the axillary artery?

Answer 15

Lateral boarder of the first rib

Question 16

Where does the axillary artery become the brachial artery?

Answer 16

Lower boarder of the teres major

Question 17

Where does the brachial artery bifurcate?

Answer 17

Cubital fossa

Question 18

What is the branch which the brachial artery gives rise to immediately distal to the teres major?

Answer 18

Profunda brachii

Question 19

What are the two major superficial veins of the upper limb?

Answer 19

1. Cephalic

2. Basilic

Question 20

Where do the cephalic and basilic veins originate from?

Answer 20

Dorsal venous network of the hand

Question 21

On what aspect of the limb does the cephalic vein ascend?

Answer 21

Antero-lateral aspect

Question 22

Where and how does the cephalic vein terminate?

Answer 22

Within the axilla by joining the axillary vein

Question 23

What happens the basilic vein at the lower boarder of the teres major?

Answer 23

It moves deep into the arm

Question 24

What happens after the basilic vein moves deep into the arm?

Answer 24

It combines with venae comitantes of brachial artery to form axillary vein

Question 25

What are venae comitantes?

Answer 25

The name given to a vein which runs alongside an artery but is smaller than said artery

Question 26

What joins the cephalic and basilic vein?

Answer 26

The median cubital vein

Question 27

What is the purpose of the median cubital vein?

Answer 27

In the event that the cephalic or basilic vein becomes blocked, venous blood flow can continue in the upper limb

Question 28

What is the order of major arteries, in descending order, of the lower limb?

Answer 28

1. Iliac artery 2. Femoral artery 3. Profunda femoris 4. Popliteal artery 5. Anterior tibial artery / Tibioperoneal trunk

Question 29

At what level does the femoral artery arise?

Answer 29

Level of the inguinal ligament

Question 30

At what level does the popliteal artery arise from?

Answer 30

After passing through the adductor magnus opening

Question 31

What else happens to the artery as it passes through the adductor magus opening?

Answer 31

It moves to the posterior portion of the leg

Question 32

What happens to the tibioperoneal trunk?

Answer 32

Bifurcates into posterior tibial and fibular arteries

Question 33

What is the main venous structure of the foot?

Answer 33

Dorsal venous arch

Question 34

Some veins from the arch penetrate deep into the leg. What vein do they form?

Answer 34

Anterior tibial vein

Question 35

What 2 veins arise on the plantar aspect of the foot?

Answer 35

Medial and lateral plantar veins

Question 36

What vein arises when medial and lateral plantar veins combine?

Answer 36

Posterior tibial and fibular veins

Question 37

Where do the anterior tibial, posterior tibial and posterior fibular veins combine?

Answer 37

Posterior surface of the knee

Question 38

What is the name of the vein found on the posterior surface of the knee?

Answer 38

Popliteal veins

Question 39

How does the popliteal vein enter the thigh?

Answer 39

Adductor canal

Question 40

What happens the popliteal vein once it enters the thigh?

Answer 40

It becomes the femoral vein

Question 41

In what blood vessels are valves found?

Answer 41

Veins

Question 42

What are the function of valves?

Answer 42

Ensure unidirectional blood flow