Muscles Flashcards
What are the four ways to classify muscle?
- Type
- Striations
- Fibres
- Function
What are the three types of muscle?
- Skeletal
- Smooth
- Cardiac
What are 2 functions of skeletal muscle?
- Producing body movements
2. Maintaining posture
What are the 3 parts of a skeletal muscle?
- Origin (where it starts)
- Belly (fleshy contractile part)
- Insertion (where it finishes)
Name 3 types of tendons which attach skeletal muscle to bone
- Cylindrical
- Linear
- Common
Name 3 types of common tendons
- Aponeurosis
- Raphe
- Intermediate
Give an example of a cylindrical tendon
Calcaneal tendon
Give an example of a linear tendon
Temporalis
Give an example of an aponeurosis tendon
Anterior abdominal wall
Give an example of a raphe tendon
Tendon joining mylohyoid muscle at floor of the mouth
Give an example of an intermediate tendon
Intermediate tendon between anterior and posterior belly of digastric muscle
Name a skeletal muscle based on its shape
Trapezius
Name a skeletal muscle based on its number of origins
Triceps
Name a skeletal muscle based on its location
Biceps femoris
Name a skeletal muscle based on its function
Flexor Pollicis Longus
Flexor Digitus Profundus
Name a skeletal muscle based on its origin or insertion
Thyrohyoid
Classify 3 muscles types according to striations
- Skeletal - Striated and Voluntary
- Cardiac - Striated and Involuntary
- Smooth - Non-Striated and Involuntary
What are the 5 ways to classify muscle by its fibres?
- Strap
- Fusiform
- Fan
- Pennate
- Sphincter
What is a strap muscle?
Muscle fibres which run parallel to each other
Give an example of a strap muscle
Sternocleidomastoid
What is a fusiform muscle?
Muscle which converges at both the origin and insertion
Give an example of a fusiform muscle
Biceps brachii
What is a fan shaped muscle?
A muscle which arises from a broad area to converage in a single tendon
Give 2 examples of a fan shaped muscle
- Temporalis
2. Pectoralis Major
What is a unipenate muscle?
A muscle which tendon lies to one side and fibres run obliquely to it
Give an example of a unipennate muscle
Extensor digitorum
What is a bipennate muscle?
A muscle which tendon runs down the centre of the muscle and its fibres run obliquely to it from two sides
Give an example of a bipennate muscle
Interosseous muscles between metacarpal bones
What is an aponeurosis tendon?
A strong sheet of fibrous tissue which attaches ends of a muscle
What is a raphe tendon?
An inter-digitation of the tendinous ends of fibres of flat muscles
What is a multipennate muscle?
A muscle which has multiple rows of oblique fibres and are arranged as a series of bipennate muscles lying alongside each other
Give an example of a multipennate muscle
Deltoid
What is a sphincter muscle?
A circular muscle which encircles a body orifice
Give 2 examples of a sphincter muscle
- Orbicularis oris
2. Orbicularis oculi
What are the four ways to classify the function of a muscle?
- Prime Mover
- Antagonist
- Synergist
- Fixator
What is a prime mover?
Chief muscle or muscle group which is responsible for a particular movement
What is an antagonist?
A muscle which opposes the action of the prime mover
What are the two definitions of a synergist?
- A muscle which facilitates the prime mover action by performing the same action
- A muscle which stretches across joints to stabilize joint
What is a fixator?
A muscle which contracts to stabilize the origin of the prime mover and fix it to the bone
How does the arm work with regards to flexion and the classification of muscle by function?
- Prime Mover = Brachialis
- Antagonist = Triceps
- Synergist = Bicep / Flexor Carpi Radialis
Give an example of a fixator?
Rhomboideus Major
