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Anatomy 1 > Muscles > Flashcards

Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four ways to classify muscle?

A
  1. Type
  2. Striations
  3. Fibres
  4. Function
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2
Q

What are the three types of muscle?

A
  1. Skeletal
  2. Smooth
  3. Cardiac
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3
Q

What are 2 functions of skeletal muscle?

A
  1. Producing body movements

2. Maintaining posture

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4
Q

What are the 3 parts of a skeletal muscle?

A
  1. Origin (where it starts)
  2. Belly (fleshy contractile part)
  3. Insertion (where it finishes)
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5
Q

Name 3 types of tendons which attach skeletal muscle to bone

A
  1. Cylindrical
  2. Linear
  3. Common
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6
Q

Name 3 types of common tendons

A
  1. Aponeurosis
  2. Raphe
  3. Intermediate
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7
Q

Give an example of a cylindrical tendon

A

Calcaneal tendon

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8
Q

Give an example of a linear tendon

A

Temporalis

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9
Q

Give an example of an aponeurosis tendon

A

Anterior abdominal wall

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10
Q

Give an example of a raphe tendon

A

Tendon joining mylohyoid muscle at floor of the mouth

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11
Q

Give an example of an intermediate tendon

A

Intermediate tendon between anterior and posterior belly of digastric muscle

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12
Q

Name a skeletal muscle based on its shape

A

Trapezius

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13
Q

Name a skeletal muscle based on its number of origins

A

Triceps

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14
Q

Name a skeletal muscle based on its location

A

Biceps femoris

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15
Q

Name a skeletal muscle based on its function

A

Flexor Pollicis Longus

Flexor Digitus Profundus

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16
Q

Name a skeletal muscle based on its origin or insertion

A

Thyrohyoid

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17
Q

Classify 3 muscles types according to striations

A
  1. Skeletal - Striated and Voluntary
  2. Cardiac - Striated and Involuntary
  3. Smooth - Non-Striated and Involuntary
18
Q

What are the 5 ways to classify muscle by its fibres?

A
  1. Strap
  2. Fusiform
  3. Fan
  4. Pennate
  5. Sphincter
19
Q

What is a strap muscle?

A

Muscle fibres which run parallel to each other

20
Q

Give an example of a strap muscle

A

Sternocleidomastoid

21
Q

What is a fusiform muscle?

A

Muscle which converges at both the origin and insertion

22
Q

Give an example of a fusiform muscle

A

Biceps brachii

23
Q

What is a fan shaped muscle?

A

A muscle which arises from a broad area to converage in a single tendon

24
Q

Give 2 examples of a fan shaped muscle

A
  1. Temporalis

2. Pectoralis Major

25
Q

What is a unipenate muscle?

A

A muscle which tendon lies to one side and fibres run obliquely to it

26
Q

Give an example of a unipennate muscle

A

Extensor digitorum

27
Q

What is a bipennate muscle?

A

A muscle which tendon runs down the centre of the muscle and its fibres run obliquely to it from two sides

28
Q

Give an example of a bipennate muscle

A

Interosseous muscles between metacarpal bones

29
Q

What is an aponeurosis tendon?

A

A strong sheet of fibrous tissue which attaches ends of a muscle

30
Q

What is a raphe tendon?

A

An inter-digitation of the tendinous ends of fibres of flat muscles

31
Q

What is a multipennate muscle?

A

A muscle which has multiple rows of oblique fibres and are arranged as a series of bipennate muscles lying alongside each other

32
Q

Give an example of a multipennate muscle

A

Deltoid

33
Q

What is a sphincter muscle?

A

A circular muscle which encircles a body orifice

34
Q

Give 2 examples of a sphincter muscle

A
  1. Orbicularis oris

2. Orbicularis oculi

35
Q

What are the four ways to classify the function of a muscle?

A
  1. Prime Mover
  2. Antagonist
  3. Synergist
  4. Fixator
36
Q

What is a prime mover?

A

Chief muscle or muscle group which is responsible for a particular movement

37
Q

What is an antagonist?

A

A muscle which opposes the action of the prime mover

38
Q

What are the two definitions of a synergist?

A
  1. A muscle which facilitates the prime mover action by performing the same action
  2. A muscle which stretches across joints to stabilize joint
39
Q

What is a fixator?

A

A muscle which contracts to stabilize the origin of the prime mover and fix it to the bone

40
Q

How does the arm work with regards to flexion and the classification of muscle by function?

A
  1. Prime Mover = Brachialis
  2. Antagonist = Triceps
  3. Synergist = Bicep / Flexor Carpi Radialis
41
Q

Give an example of a fixator?

A

Rhomboideus Major

Anatomy 1 (20 decks)

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