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Anatomy 1 > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of the nervous system?

A

A highly complex system that reacts to stimuli and directs the body to respond in an appropriate manner

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2
Q

What are the 3 components of the nervous system?

A
  1. Sensory
  2. Integrative
  3. Motor
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3
Q

What is the sensory function of the nervous system?

A

Receptors which detect changes inside and outside of the body and transfer the information to spinal and cranial nerves

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4
Q

What is the integrative function of the nervous system?

A

Convert information in the sensory neurons to impulses and transmit the impulses to the CNS via peripheral nerves

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5
Q

What is the motor function of the nervous system?

A

Elicit an appropriate response to stimuli via PNS and effectors

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6
Q

Name 2 examples of effectors

A
  1. Muscle

2. Gland

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7
Q

Give a brief account of the reflex arc

A
  1. Stimulus arrives at a receptor
  2. Activation of a sensory neuron
  3. Information processed in CNS
  4. Activation of a motor neuron
  5. Response by an effector
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8
Q

What are the two parts of the nervous system?

A
  1. Central Nervous System (CNS)

2. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

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9
Q

What parts of the body is the CNS composed from?

A
  1. Brain

2. Spinal Chord

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10
Q

What are the three main areas of the brain?

A
  1. Cerebrum
  2. Cerebellum
  3. Brainstem (Medulla Oblongata / Pons / Midbrain)
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11
Q

How many cranial nerves are found in the PNS?

A

12 pairs

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12
Q

How many spinal nerves are found in the PNS and where are they located?

A 
31 pairs
8 Cervical
12 Thoracic
5 Lumbar
5 Sacral
1 Coccygeal
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13
Q

Where do the 12 pairs of cranial nerves originate from?

A

Nuclei present in the brain stem

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14
Q

What is the basic functional unit of the nervous system?

A

Neuron

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15
Q

What is the role of a dendrite?

A

Provide receptive surfaces to permit communication by interfaces with processes from other neurons

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16
Q

What is the role of an axon?

A

Conduct nerve impulses away from the cell body to the synaptic knob where the signal is passed onto adjoining cells

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17
Q

What is the definition of a peripheral nerve?

A

A bundle of myelinated axons that travel outside the CNS

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18
Q

What is the definition of grey matter?

A

A number of cell bodies grouped together which appear grey

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19
Q

Where is grey matter found?

A

The area of the spinal chord surrounding the central canal and on the surfaces of cerebral and cerebellar hemispheres

20
Q

What is the definition of white matter?

A

Matter of the nervous system which appears white due to the presence of myelin

21
Q

What is the definition of a tract?

A

A group of myelinated axons which travel together within CNS and share a common origin, destination and function

22
Q

What is the definition of a neucleus?

A

A group of neuronal cells located in the same area of CNS and sharing the same function

23
Q

What is the definition of ganglia?

A

A group of neuronal cell bodies found outside of the CNS as a discrete swelling

24
Q

What is the difference between a tract and a neucleus?

A 
Tract = Axons
Neucleus = Bodies
25
Q

What is the definition of afferent fibres?

A

Axons which carry impulses towards the CNS

26
Q

What is the definition of efferent fibres?

A

Axons which carry impulses away from the CNS

27
Q

What is the definition of sulci?

A

Depressions between the ridges of cerebral hemispheres

28
Q

What is the definition of gyri?

A

Ridges between the depressions of the cerebral hemispheres

29
Q

What are the types of white matter which connect different parts of the brain with each other?

A
  1. Association fibres
  2. Commissural fibres
  3. Projection fibres
30
Q

What are association fibres?

A

Fibres which interconnect areas of the cortex within one hemisphere

31
Q

What are commissural fibres?

A

Fibres which cross the midline to connect areas of the cortex in one hemisphere with the same areas in the other hemisphere

32
Q

What is the biggest use of commissural fibres?

A

It allows for co-ordination

33
Q

What are projection fibres?

A

Fibres which connect cerebral cortex with other centres in the brain and spinal chord

34
Q

Where do the projection fibres converge?

A

Converge into a compact bundle called the internal capsule

35
Q

What does the term mixed nerve mean?

A

Nerve have both motor and sensory components

36
Q

Give 2 examples of mixed nerves

A
  1. Spinal Nerves

2. Cranial nerves bar those associated with specific senses e.g. CN1 and CN2

37
Q

Where does the spinal chord typically end?

A

Inferior boarder of L1

38
Q

What are the nerve roots which descend past the termination of the spinal chords called?

A

Cauda Equina

39
Q

What is the posterior root of a spinal nerve?

A

The afferent sensory root that carries sensory information to the brain

40
Q

What is the anterior root of a spinal nerve?

A

The efferent motor root which carries motor information from brain

41
Q

Where does the spinal nerve emerge from?

A

Intervertebral Foramen

42
Q

From the outside in, what are the three meningeal layers which cover the spinal chord?

A
  1. Dura Mater
  2. Arachnoid Mater
  3. Pia Mater
43
Q

What happens to the nerve outside the vertebral column?

A

It divides into two branches - Posterior and Anterior Ramus

44
Q

What is the posterior ramus function?

A

Contains nerves which serve the posterior portions of the trunk and the skin and muscles of the back

45
Q

What is the anterior ramus function?

A

Contains nerves which serve the anterior parts of the trunk and upper and lower limbs

Anatomy 1 (20 decks)

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