Heart and Pericardium Flashcards
What are the 2 layers of pericardium?
- Fibrous
2. Serous
What is the pericardium?
A double walled sac containing heart and roots of great vessels
What 2 layers form the inner serous pericardium?
- Parietal
2. Visceral
What is the role of the pericardium?
- Secrete pericardial fluid
- Prevent heart from over expanding
- Reduces friction between pericardial membranes
What attaches the fibrous pericardium to the diaphragm?
Central tendon
What ligament is found between the left pulmonary artery and the arch of the aorta?
Ligamentum arteriosum
What are the 4 openings in the right atrium?
- Superior vena cava
- Inferior vena cava
- Tricuspid valve
- Opening of coronary sinus
What are the 2 foetal remnants found in the right atrium?
- Fossa ovalis
2. Anulus ovalis
Where do the foetal remnants lie in the right atrium?
Interatrial septum
Why is the fossa ovalis present?
It allowed blood flow between atria before birth as the lungs did not function and when closed over, a small depression is seen
What are the 2 openings found in the right ventricle?
- Atrioventricular orifice
2. Pulmonary orifice
What is the cavity referred to as it approaches the pulmonary orifice?
Infundibulum
What is found on the walls of the right ventricle?
Trabeculae carneae
What makes up the tricuspid valve?
Chordae tendineae attached to cusps of valves and papillary muscles attached to chordae tendineae at their apices and the ventricular wall at their base
What are the 3 cusps of the tricuspid valve?
- Anterior
- Septal
- Posterior
How does the tricuspid valve close?
Ventricle contracts, papillary muscles contract and prevent cusps being forced into atrium
What type of valve make up the pulmonary valve?
Semi-lunar
How are the semilunar cusps arranged in the right ventricle?
One posterior and two anterior
What type of valve is found in the left atrioventricular orifice?
Bicuspid valve
What are the 2 cusps of the bicuspid valve?
- Anterior
2. Posterior
How are the semilunar cusps arranged in the left ventricle?
Two posterior and one anterior
What is the small opening behind a valve called?
Sinus
