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Anatomy 1 > Lungs and Respiration > Flashcards

Lungs and Respiration Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two functional divisions of the respiratory system?

A
  1. Conducting portion

2. Respiratory portion

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2
Q

What are the 6 sections of the conducting portion of the respiratory system?

A
  1. Nasal Cavity
  2. Pharynx
  3. Larynx
  4. Trachea
  5. Bronchi
  6. Bronchioles
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3
Q

What are the 4 sections of the respiratory portion of the respiratory system?

A
  1. Respiratory bronchioles
  2. Alveolar ducts
  3. Alveolar sacs
  4. Alveoli
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4
Q

What shape is the trachea?

A

C-shaped

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5
Q

What is the trachea?

A

A rigid tube which conducts air from larynx to lungs

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6
Q

What level does the trachea extend between?

A

Start at level of vertebra C6 and descends to level of vertebra T4

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7
Q

Name 2 main features distinct to the right bronchi

A
  1. Secondary bronchus emerges before hilum

2. Three secondary bronchi to the three lobes

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8
Q

Name 2 main features distinct to the left bronchi

A
  1. Branches within the hilum

2. Two secondary bronchi to the two lobes

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9
Q

Name 2 differences between right and left bronchi, not including the 2 main distinctions

A
  1. Right has bigger diameter

2. Right is more vertical

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10
Q

Give the 7 levels of the bronchi from the bifurcation of the trachea to the alveoli

A
  1. Primary bronchus
  2. Lobar Bronchus
  3. Segmental bronchus
  4. Bronchioles
  5. Terminal bronchiole
  6. Respiratory bronchioles
  7. Alveolar Duct
  8. Alveoli
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11
Q

To which level in the bronchi does the passage for air passage descend to?

A

Respiratory bronchioles

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12
Q

At what level in the bronchi does the passage for gas exchange being?

A

Respiratory bronchioles

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13
Q

What is a bronchopulmonary segment of the lung?

A

A portion of the lung supplied by a tertiary bronchus

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14
Q

How can a single segment be surgically resected without affecting other segments?

A

Each segment has its own VAN so is functionally and anatomically discrete

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15
Q

Where does gaseous exchange occur in the lung?

A

Alveoli

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16
Q

What is asthma?

A

Causes spasm of smooth muscle in bronchial tree

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17
Q

What is auscultation?

A

Listening to internal songs of the body

18
Q

What is percussion?

A

Tapping the surface of a body part to learn the condition of the parts underneath

19
Q

What is segmentectomy?

A

Helps remove lung disease without removing excess normal lung

20
Q

What is thoracocentesis?

A

Removal of fluid in pleural effusion from pleural space for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes

21
Q

At what level does the lung end in the midclavicular line?

A

6th costal cartilage

22
Q

At what level does the lung end in the midaxillary line?

A

8th costal cartilage

23
Q

At what level does the pleural fluid end in the midclavicular line?

A

8th costal cartilage

24
Q

At what level does the pleural fluid end in the midaxillary line?

A

10th costal cartilage

25
Q

What are the three parts of the pharynx?

A
  1. Nasopharynx
  2. Oropharynx
  3. Laryngopharynx
26
Q

What is the nasopharynx?

A

Lies posterior to nasal cavity above soft palate

27
Q

What is found on the lateral wall of the nasopharynx?

A

Opening of the auditory tube

28
Q

What is the oropharynx?

A

Oral part of the pharynx which lies posterior to the oral cavity

29
Q

What levels does the oropharynx run between?

A

Soft palate to C3 vertebra

30
Q

What are found on the lateral wall of the oropharynx?

A

Palatine tonsils

31
Q

What levels does the laryngopharynx run between?

A

C3-C6

32
Q

Which area of the pharynx has only a respiratory function?

A

Nasopharynx

33
Q

At what level does the trachea bifurcate?

A

T4 vertebra

34
Q

What are the three parts of the parietal pleura?

A
  1. Mediastinal pleura
  2. Costal pleura
  3. Diaphragmatic pleura
35
Q

What are 4 main features of the right lung?

A
  1. Short and wide due to compression by liver
  2. Has 2 fissures - Oblique and transverse
  3. Has 3 lobes - Upper, middle and lower
  4. Has 2 bronchi, pulmonary artery and 2 pulmonary veins
36
Q

What are 4 main features of the left lung?

A
  1. Long and narrow due to compression by heart
  2. Has 1 fissure - Oblique
  3. Has 2 lobes - Upper and lower
  4. Has 1 bronchus, pulmonary artery and 2 pulmonary veins
37
Q

What is the most superior feature of the hilum in the right lung?

A

Eparterial bronchus

38
Q

What is the most superior feature of the hilum in the left lung?

A

Pulmonary artery

39
Q

What are the segments of each lung?

A

See diagram in Lung and Bronchial Tree lecture

40
Q

What are the impressions found on the surface of each lung?

A

See diagram in Lung and Bronchial Tree lecture

41
Q

What are the blood vessels found on the surface of each lung?

A

See diagram in Lung and Bronchial Tree lecture

Anatomy 1 (20 decks)

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