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Anatomy 1 > Upper GIT > Flashcards

Upper GIT Flashcards

1
Q

What is the GI tract?

A

A continuous tube which stretches from mouth to anus

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2
Q

What is the function of the GIT?

A

Provide the body with continual supply of water, electrolyte, vitamins and nutrients

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3
Q

What is the peritoneum?

A

A serous membrane which lines the abdominopelvic cavity and invests viscera

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4
Q

What are the 2 layers of the peritoneum?

A
  1. Parietal peritoneum

2. Visceral peritoneum

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5
Q

Where does the parietal peritoneum line?

A

Internal surface of the abdominopelvic wall

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6
Q

Where does the visceral peritoneum line?

A

Viscera such as stomach and intestines

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7
Q

What are retroperitoneal structures?

A

Structures within abdominal cavity which are not suspended by a mesentery

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8
Q

Where are retroperitoneal structures located?

A

Between the peritoneum and the posterior abdominal wall

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9
Q

Name 10 retroperitoneal structures

A
  1. Supra-renal gland
  2. Aorta
  3. Duodenum
  4. Pancreas
  5. Ureters
  6. Inferior vena cava
  7. Kidneys
  8. Oesophagus
  9. Rectum
  10. Ascending and descending colon
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10
Q

What is a mesentery?

A

A double layer of peritoneum which suspends some abdominal organs

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11
Q

What do mesenteries connect?

A

Intra-peritoneal organ to the posterior abdominal wall

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12
Q

How is a mesentery or omenta formed?

A

When two layers of peritoneum fuse

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13
Q

What are the 2 sacs of the peritoneal cavity?

A
  1. Greater sac

2. Lesser sac

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14
Q

Why is the lesser sac necessary?

A

Compensates for stretch of stomach following consumption of food

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15
Q

What is an omentum?

A

A double layer of peritoneum which joins two viscera

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16
Q

Name 2 omenta

A
  1. Great omenta

2. Lesser omenta

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17
Q

What is the greater omentum?

A

Four layered peritoneal fold which hangs like an apron from greater curvature of stomach

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18
Q

Where is the greater omentum attached?

A

Greater curvature of stomach and transverse colon

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19
Q

What is the lesser omentum?

A

A double layered peritoneal fold which connects lesser curvature of the stomach and proximal part of duodenum to the liver

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20
Q

What is the dividing line between the greater and lesser sac?

A

Transverse mesocolon

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21
Q

What is the oesophagus?

A

A muscular tube which joins the pharynx from vertebral level C6 to stomach ending at vertebral level T11

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22
Q

What 2 sphincters are found in the oesophagus?

A
  1. Cricopharyngeus muscle

2. Cardiac sphincter

23
Q

What is the function of the oesophagus?

A

Propel food through neck and thorax to abdomen

24
Q

Where does the stomach occupy?

A

Upper left quadrant

25
Q

What are the 4 parts of the stomach?

A
  1. Cardiac portion
  2. Fundus
  3. Body
  4. Pylorus
26
Q

What is the cardiac portion of the stomach?

A

Surrounds the entrance to the stomach and contains cardiac sphincter

27
Q

What is the fundus of the stomach?

A

Area to the left of the cardiac orifice of the stomach which bulges upwards

28
Q

What Is the body of the stomach?

A

Lies between the fundus and pylorus

29
Q

What is the pylorus of the stomach?

A

Funnel shaped outflow region of the stomach

30
Q

What are the two areas of the pylorus?

A
  1. Pyloric antrum - Wider

2. Pyloric canal - Narrower

31
Q

How is the mucosa of the inner surface of stomach arranged?

A

Longitudinal folds called rugae

32
Q

What is the function of rugae?

A

Allow stomach to increase SA enhancing the action of gastric secretions

33
Q

What is the arterial supply to the apical surface of the stomach?

A

Short gastric arteries

34
Q

What is the arterial supply to the less curvature of the stomach?

A

Right and left gastric

35
Q

What is the arterial supply to the greater curvature of the stomach?

A

Right and left gastroepiploic

36
Q

Where does the arterial blood supply to the stomach arise?

A

Celiac trunk

37
Q

What 3 branches does the celiac trunk give?

A
  1. Splenic artery
  2. Left gastric artery
  3. Hepatic artery
38
Q

How are the veins of the stomach named?

A

Parallel the name and courses of the arteries

39
Q

What are the 4 parts of the duodenum?

A
  1. Superior
  2. Descending
  3. Horizontal
  4. Ascending
40
Q

What is the duodenum?

A

First section of the small intestine

41
Q

What shape is the duodenum?

A

C-shaped

42
Q

What is the level of the superior portion of the duodenum?

A

L1

43
Q

Between what vertebral levels does the descending duodenum run?

A

L1 - L3

44
Q

What is the significance of the descending duodenum?

A

Common bile duct and pancreatic duct empty secretions here through ampulla of Vater

45
Q

What is the level of the horizontal portion of the duodenum?

A

L3

46
Q

Between what vertebral levels does the ascending duodenum run?

A

L3 - L2

47
Q

What 2 arteries supply the duodenum?

A
  1. Superior pancreaticoduodenal from gastroduodenal artery

2. Inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery from superior mesenteric artery

48
Q

What is the pancreas?

A

Digestive gland

49
Q

Where does the pancreas lie?

A

Overlies transversely across bodies of L1 and L2 vertebrae, posterior to stomach between duodenum on right and spleen on left

50
Q

What are the 5 main parts of the pancreas?

A
  1. Head
  2. Uncinate process
  3. Neck
  4. Body
  5. Tail
51
Q

What is the significance of the head of the pancreas?

A

Sits within C-shaped duodenum and lies directly in front of inferior vena cava, aorta and right renal vessels

52
Q

What is the significance of the neck of the pancreas?

A

On posterior surface superior mesenteric vein and splenic vein unite to form portal vein

53
Q

What is the significance of the tail of the pancreas?

A

Touches the hilum of spleen

Anatomy 1 (20 decks)

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