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Anatomy 1 > Inguinal Canal and Liver > Flashcards

Inguinal Canal and Liver Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the inguinal canal located?

A

Between deep inguinal ring and superficial inguinal ring, above and parallel to inguinal ligament

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2
Q

Where does the inguinal ligament run?

A

Anterior superior iliac spine to pubic tubercle

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3
Q

What 4 things can be found in the inguinal canal?

A
  1. Ilioinguinal nerve
  2. Genital branch of genitofemoral nerve
  3. Spermatic cord (males)
  4. Round ligament of uterus (females)
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4
Q

Where is the deep inguinal ring located?

A

Opening in fascia transversalis located ½ inch above mid-inguinal point

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5
Q

What 2 structures pass through deep inguinal ring?

A
  1. Spermatic cord

2. Round ligament of uterus

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6
Q

Where is the superficial inguinal ring located?

A

External oblique aponeurosis above and lateral to pubic tubercle

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7
Q

What 3 structures pass through superficial inguinal ligament?

A
  1. Ilioinguinal nerve
  2. Spermatic cord (males)
  3. Round ligament of uterus (females)
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8
Q

Why does the midpoint of inguinal canal and inguinal ligament differ?

A

Inguinal canal inserts at pubic crest but inguinal ligament inserts at pubic tubercle

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9
Q

What is the conjoint tendon?

A

Lower part of aponeurosis of internal oblique abdominal muscle and transversus abdominis as it inserts into the crest of pubis

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10
Q

What forms the anterior wall of the inguinal canal?

A

External oblique aponeurosis, reinforced laterally by internal oblique

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11
Q

What forms the posterior wall of the inguinal canal?

A

Conjoint tendon medially and fascia transversalis laterally

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12
Q

What forms the roof of the inguinal canal?

A

Arching lowest fibres of internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscles

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13
Q

What forms the floor of the inguinal canal?

A

Inguinal ligament and at the medial end, the lacunar ligament

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14
Q

What is the lacunar ligament?

A

Ligament between inguinal ligament and pubic crest

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15
Q

Where is the anterior wall of the inguinal canal strongest?

A

Opposite the deep inguinal ring

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16
Q

Where is the posterior wall of the inguinal canal strongest?

A

Opposite the superficial inguinal ring

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17
Q

What is the inguinal ligament?

A

Fibrous band formed by lower boarder of aponeurosis of external oblique muscle

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18
Q

Where is the inguinal ligament located?

A

Anterior superior iliac spine to the pubic tubercle

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19
Q

Where do gonads develop?

A

Extraperitoneal layer of abdomen

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20
Q

What is gubernaculum?

A

Fibrous band which links ovaries and labia majora/scrotum and testes

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21
Q

What is the order of descent of things to form scrotum?

A
  1. Gubernaculum
  2. Processus vaginalis
  3. Testes
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22
Q

What is the processus vaginalis?

A

Portion of the peritoneum

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23
Q

What is a hernia?

A

Abnormal weakness in the abdominal wall which allows something inside to protrude

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24
Q

What are 2 types of inguinal hernia?

A
  1. Indirect

2. Direct

25
Q

What is an indirect inguinal hernia?

A

Peritoneal sac transverses the length of the canal and can continue to scrotum

26
Q

What is a direct inguinal hernia?

A

Protrusion of abdominal viscera through weakness of posterior wall of inguinal canal

27
Q

What is the major difference between a direct and indirect inguinal hernia?

A

Direct hernia runs parallel to spermatic cord while indirect hernia runs within the spermatic cord

28
Q

What are the 3 hiatuses found in the diaphragm?

A
  1. Vena caval hiatus
  2. Oesophageal hiatus
  3. Aortic hiatus
29
Q

Where is the vena caval hiatus located?

A

Central tendon at vertebral level of T8

30
Q

What 2 things pass through vena caval hiatus?

A
  1. Inferior vena cava

2. Right phrenic nerve

31
Q

Where is the oesophageal hiatus located?

A

Right crus at the vertebral level of T10

32
Q

What 2 things pass through the oesophageal hiatus?

A
  1. Oesophagus

2. Anterior and posterior trunks of the vagus nerves

33
Q

Where is the aortic hiatus located?

A

Between two crura of the diaphragm at vertebral level T12

34
Q

What 3 things pass through the aortic hiatus?

A
  1. Aorta
  2. Thoracic duct
  3. Azygous vein
35
Q

What separates the two lobes of the liver?

A

Falciform ligament

36
Q

What is the name of the free edge of the falciform ligament?

A

Ligamentum teres

37
Q

What are the 2 accessory lobes of the right lobe of the liver?

A
  1. Caudate (Superior)

2. Quadrate (Inferior)

38
Q

What is the porta hepatis?

A

Where hepatic arteries and portal vein enter and hepatic ducts leave the liver

39
Q

Give the order of arteries supplying the liver

A
  1. Common hepatic artery
  2. Hepatic artery proper
  3. Left / Right hepatic artery
40
Q

Where does the common hepatic artery become the hepatic artery proper?

A

After the origin of the gastroduodenal artery

41
Q

What forms the portal vein?

A

The union of splenic and superior mesenteric vein

42
Q

What happens in patients with elevated portal vein pressure with regards to blood flow?

A

Less blood flows to the liver and the rest enters collateral channels which drain into the systemic circulation

43
Q

What are 3 of the largest portosystemic collaterals?

A
  1. Gastroesophageal junction
  2. The anus
  3. Anterior abdominal wall around umbilicus
44
Q

What is the portosystemic collateral at the gastroesophageal junction?

A

Left gastric vein of portosystemic system anastomose with tributaries to azygous system of caval system

45
Q

What is the portosystemic collateral at the anus?

A

The superior rectal vein of portosystemic system anastomoses with middle and inferior rectal veins of systemic venous system

46
Q

What is the portosystemic collateral at the anterior abdominal wall around umbilicus?

A

Paraumbilical veins of porta system anastomose with veins on anterior abdominal wall of vena cava system

47
Q

What are 3 origins of the diaphragm?

A
  1. Musculotendinous crura
  2. Medial and lateral arcuate ligaments
  3. Sternocostal origin
48
Q

Where is the sternocostal origin of the diaphragm?

A

Lower 6 ribs and posterior aspect of xiphoid process

49
Q

Where is the right crus of the diaphragm attached?

A

L1 - L3 (including associated intervertebral discs)

50
Q

Where is the left crus of the diaphragm attached?

A

L1 - L2 (including associated intervertebral discs)

51
Q

What connects left and right crura?

A

Median arcuate ligament

52
Q

What is the name of the second tendinous arch of the diaphragm?

A

Medial arcuate ligament

53
Q

What forms the medial arcuate ligament?

A

Fascia which covers the upper part of the psoas major muscle

54
Q

What is the name of the third tendinous arch of the diaphragm?

A

Lateral arcuate ligament

55
Q

What forms the lateral arcuate ligament?

A

Thickening of the fascia which covers the quadratus lumborum muscle

56
Q

Where is the insertion of the diaphragm?

A

Central tendon

57
Q

What are the 3 arteries which provide superior arterial supply of the diaphragm?

A
  1. Musculophrenic
  2. Pericardiophrenic (internal thoracic artery)
  3. Superior phrenic (thoracic aorta)
58
Q

What artery provides inferior arterial supply to the diagram?

A

Inferior phrenic arteries (abdominal aorta)

59
Q

What nerves innervate the diaphragm?

A

C3 - C5

Anatomy 1 (20 decks)

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