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GI tract > Urinary System Histology > Flashcards

Urinary System Histology Flashcards

1
Q

Which kidney is more superiorly oriented?

A

The left kidney

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2
Q

Kidneys do what?

3 things

A
  1. Filter blood to keep it pure
  2. Disposal of nitrogenous waste
  3. Regulate water and electrolyte balance, acids and bases
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3
Q

The outer layer of the kidney capsule is made primarily of what?

A

Collagen and fibroblasts

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4
Q

The renal cortex is composed of what?

A

Renal corpuscles and associated tubules

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5
Q

The renal medulla is composed of what?

A

straight tubules, collecting ducts and vasa recta

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6
Q

A renal lobe consists of what?

A

Think ice cream cone:
A renal pyramid
Its overlying cortex
One half of each of the adjacent renal columns

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7
Q

Know the flow of blood through the kidney.

A

See slides 10 and 11 of this histo lecture

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8
Q

During filtration, what happens?

A

Fluid is squeezed out of the glomerular capillary bed

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9
Q

What happens during resorption?

A

Most nutrients, water and essential ions are returned to the blood of the peritubular capillaries

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10
Q

What happens during secretion?

A

Secretion moves additional undesirable molecules into the tubule from the blood of peritubular capillaries

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11
Q

What is the structural and functional unit of the kidney?

A

The nephron

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12
Q

What are the two parts of the nephron?

A

The renal corpuscle

The renal tubule

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13
Q

What happens in the renal tubule?

A

This is where tubular reabsorption and secretion occurs

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14
Q

Each nephron drains into where?

A

A collecting tubule/duct

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15
Q

The nephron plus its collecting tubule is called what?

A

The uriniferous tubule

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16
Q

T/F- medullary rays are named for their destination instead of their location.

A

True

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17
Q

What are the two components of the renal corpuscle?

A 
The glomerulus (capillaries)
Bowmans capsule (a double walled cup enclosing the glomerulus)
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18
Q

T/F bowman’s capsule has two layers- the visceral or external layer and the parietal or internal layer?

A

False- it does have two layers, but the visceral layer is the internal layer and the parietal layer is the external layer

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19
Q

What is the vascular pole of a renal corpuscle?

A

It is where afferent and efferent arterioles enter and exit

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20
Q

What is the urinary/tubular pole of a renal corpuscle?

A

It is where filtrate exits bowman’s space and enters the proximal convoluted tube

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21
Q

What are the simple squamous epithelial cells that come in contact with glomerular capillaries?

A

Podocytes

22
Q

What are pedicels?

A

They are extensions of podocytes

23
Q

What is the space between two pedicels?

A

A filtration slit

24
Q

What is the semipermeable membrane that covers the filtration slit?

A

Slit diaphragm

25
Q

Can RBCs pass through the slit diaphragm? Why/ why not?

A

Nope, they’re too big

26
Q

The parietal layer of bowman’s capsule is made up of what kind of cells?

A

Simple squamous epithelium

27
Q

The renal tubule consists of what three things?

A
  1. Proximal convoluted tubule
  2. Loop of Helne
  3. Distal convoluted tube
    (ultimately goes from the DCT to a collecting duct and then to the bladder)
28
Q

Which part of the renal tubule extends into the renal medulla?

A

The Loop of Henle

29
Q

The thin descending limb is highly permeable to what?

A

Water

30
Q

The thin ascending limb is highly permeable to what?

A

Sodium

Chloride

31
Q

The proximal convoluted tubule is confined to what?

A

The renal cortex

32
Q

The PCT has a brush border made of what?

A

Long microvilli

33
Q

The thick descending limb of the loop of Henle is made of what kind of cells?

A

Simple cuboidal epithelial

34
Q

T thin descending limb of the loop of Henle is made of what kind of cells?

A

Simple squamous epithelial

35
Q

The thin ascending limb of the loop of Henle is made of what kind of cells?

A

Simple squamous epithelial

36
Q

The thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle is made of what kind of cells?

A

Simple cuboidal epithelial

37
Q

Does the DCT have a brush border?

A

Nope

38
Q

What is the juxtaglomerular apparatus?

A

It is the structure where the afferent arteriole makes contact with the ascending limb of the loop of Henle

39
Q

What is the juxtaglomerular apparatus composed of?

A

Macula densa and juxtaglomerular cells

40
Q

The collecting ducts do what?

A

Collect urine from the DCT

41
Q

The collecting ducts are lined with what?

A

Simple cuboidal epithelium

42
Q

How are collecting duct cells differentiated from loop of Henle cells?

A

They are very crisp-very distinct borders- very differentiated from one another- larger lumen than everything else

43
Q

What is the path of urine through the kidneys to the urethra?

A

Collecting tubules–collecting ducts–papillary ducts (ducts of Bellin)–minor calyx–major calyx–renal pelvis –ureter–urinary bladder–urethra

44
Q

What are some more characteristics of collecting duct histology?

A

Clear cytoplasm and defined/distinct cell membranes

45
Q

What are the four layers of the walls of the calyces, renal pelvis, ureter and urinary bladder?

A

Mucosa (has transitional epithelium)
Submucosa
Muscularis (has smooth muscle)
Adventitia

46
Q

How is urine moved through the ureter?

A

Peristalsis of the smooth muscle

47
Q

How long is a ureter?

A

10-12 inches

48
Q

What is the capacity of the urinary bladder?

A

about 250 ml

49
Q

What type of cells make up the prostatic urethra?

A

urothelium

50
Q

What type of cells make up the membranous urethra?

A

stratified columnar epithelium & pseudostratified columnar

epithelium

51
Q

What type of cells make up the spongy urethra?

A

stratified columnar & pseudostratified columnar

52
Q

In females, what type of cells make up the prostatic urethra?

A

initially urothelium and then stratified squamous epithelium

GI tract (14 decks)

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