Male reproductive system histology Flashcards
What is the endocrine function of the the testes?
Produce testosterone
What is the exocrine function of the testes?
Produce sperm
Spermiogenisis is what part of the process?
The maturation process
Spermatocytogenisis refers to what?
Formation of the spermatogonia
Spermatogonial phase is related to what?
Mitosis
The spermatocyte phase is related to what?
Meiosis
The temperature in the scrotum needs to be ____ degrees. Why?
34 degrees celsius. This is the required temperature for sperm production
T/F there are different lobules in the testes?
True- each lobule contains seminiferous tubules
Which cells produce testosterone?
The leydig cells
The straight tubule is also called what?
Tubulus rectus
What houses the rete testis?
the mediastinum of the testes
What types of cells are found in the seminiferous tubules?
Sertoli cells
Spermatogenic cells
The seminiferous tubules are line with what type of cells?
Complex stratified epithelium
What is the role of the sertoli cells?
Support- create a physical barrier- a blood testes barrier
Spermatogonia are the most _______ of the cells.
immature
In the seminiferous tubes, where will spermatogonia be found?
Around the outside- the more mature the cell, the further it moves towards the center
Type A dark spermatogonia give rise to what?
More type A dark as well as type A pale spermatogonia
T/F type A pale spermatogonia are dedicated to move on
True
What type of division do type A and B go through?
Mitosis
What are the cells called sitting on the basal layer (the outside with cells growing inward)?
Spermatogonia (the most immature cells)
Type A pale and Type B spermatogonia begin to divide, what type of division is seen?
Meiosis
When the cells go through meiosis 1, what are they called?
Primary spermatocytes
Once the cell is going through meiosis 2, what is it called?
Secondary spermatocyte (won’t see these)
Once meiosis 2 is finished, what is the cell called and where is it found?
spermatids- found towards the lumen (the center)
Straight tubules are lined with which cells?
sertoli cells
What is the rete testis?
interconnected network of channels lined with cuboidal/columnar epithelium with cilium and a few microvilli
What are the three excretory ducts?
Epididymis
Ductus deferens/vas deferens
Urethra
What are the three parts/divisions of the urethra?
Prostatic urethra
Membranous urethra
Spongy/penile urethra
There are three male accessory glands- what are they?
The seminal vesicles
The prostate gland
The bulbourethral glands
What do the male accessory glands produce?
Seminal fluid
What is seminal fluid?
It is the medium in which the sperm leave the male body
What is the shape of the nucleus of a sertoli cell?
Triangular
The seminal vesicles connect with what to form the ejaculatory duct?
the vas deferens (ductus deferens)
T/F The prostate gland is a collection of 30-50 tubuloalveolar glands.
T
From outside to inside, what are the levels of cells in the seminiferous tubules
Spermatogonia (type A and B- found on the outside)
Primary spermatocytes
Secondary spermatocytes
Spermatids
The prostate gland empties into what?
The prostatic urethra
What is the flow of the spermatocyte?
Starts in the seminiferous tubules, goes to the straight tubules, to the rete testes, to the efferent ductules- to the epididymis- to the ductus deferens- to the ejaculatory duct to the urethra and out
The bulbourethral glands (cowper’s glands) empty into what?
The proximal part of the penile urethra
What needs to fill with blood in order for an erection to occur?
The two corpus cavernosum (dorsally paired)
The corpus spongiosum (single- ventral)
