Diaphragm, Kidneys & Posterior Abdominal Wall Flashcards
Know where the phrenic nerves and vessels are and their pathways.
Deal.
The phrenic nerve originates from which spinal segments?
C3-C5
T/F the phrenic nerve has both motor and sensory components?
Troooth
If you have a spinal cord injury and your diaphragm is paralyzed, where is the diaphragm found?
High in the thorax because it can’t contract, which makes it descend (can be unilateral hemidiaphragm paralysis)
Where is the median arcuate ligament found?
It arches over the aorta
Where are the two medial arcuate ligaments found?
They arch over the psoas muscles
Where are the two lateral arcuate ligaments found?
They arch over the quadratus lumborum muscles
Which vessels supply the superior surface of the diaphragm?
The pericardiacophrenic and superior phrenic arteries (these come off the thoracic artery and thoracic aorta)
Which artery supplies the inferior surface of the diaphragm via the abdominal aorta?
The inferior phrenic artery
Which arteries supply the periphery of the diaphragm?
the musculophrenic artery via the internal thoracic artery
Where are the kidneys located?
Lateral to the vertebral column T12-L3
What encapsulates the kidneys?
perirenal fat and renal fascia
Kidneys ascend from where during development?
the pelvis
T/F the kidneys are in close proximity to the abdominal aorta and the inferior vena cava?
T
What are the two layers of the kidney?
Outer 1/3- renal cortex
Inner 2/3- renal medulla
Go draw a kidney. And the vasculature.
Okay
What receives the apex of the pyramids?
The renal papillae
Of the renal arteries, which side is longer?
The right renal artery is longer
T/F the left renal artery passes posterior to the IVC?
False, the right renal artery does
Which vessels supply the superior surface of the diaphragm?
The pericardiacophrenic and superior phrenic arteries (these come off the thoracic artery and thoracic aorta)
Which artery supplies the inferior surface of the diaphragm via the abdominal aorta?
The inferior phrenic artery
Which arteries supply the periphery of the diaphragm?
the musculophrenic artery via the internal thoracic artery
Where are the kidneys located?
Lateral to the vertebral column T12-L3
What encapsulates the kidneys?
perirenal fat and renal fascia
Kidneys ascend from where during development?
the pelvis
T/F the kidneys are in close proximity to the abdominal aorta and the inferior vena cava?
T
What are the two layers of the kidney?
Outer 1/3- renal cortex
Inner 2/3- renal medulla
Go draw a kidney. And the vasculature.
Okay
What receives the apex of the pyramids?
The renal papillae
Of the renal arteries, which side is longer?
The right renal artery is longer
T/F the left renal artery passes posterior to the IVC?
False, the right renal artery does
Are renal veins or arteries more anterior?
The renal veins
Which renal vein is longer, right or left?
Left and it passes anterior to the aorta
Draw the path of the ureters
You got it
Where are the 4 sources from which the ureter arteries arise?
- Renal arteries
- Testicular/ovarian arteries
- Abdominal aorta
- Internal iliac artery (from pelvic cavity)
Kidney stones (calculi) form in the kidney and can pass through the ureters into where?
The bladder
T/F calculi cause referred pain?
T/F the region of referred pain changes with the level of obstruction
True and true
What forces calculi down the ureter?
Waves of contraction
Where is the subcostal nerve found?
1 cm inferior to the 12th rib (T12)
What is the difference in shape between the two sides of adrenal glands?
The right adrenal gland is more triangular and the left adrenal gland is more semilunar
What surrounds the adrenal gland?
Fibrous capsule
Which part of the adrenal gland produces the adrenal steroids?
The adrenal cortex
What is the job of the adrenal medulla?
It acts as the sympathetic ganglion
T/F the adrenal glands are richly vascularized due to endocrine function?
True
What are the three sources for the suprarenal arteries?
- The inferior phrenic
- Abdominal
- Renal
What are the 6 posterior abdominal wall muscles?
- Transversus abdominus
- Quadratus lumborum
- Psoas major
- Iliacus
- Psoas minor
- Diaphragm
I’d draw this one out if I were you
How many pairs of lumbar arteries are there?
4
The lumbar arteries are branches of what?
The abdominal aorta
Where does the abdominal aorta bifurcate into the iliac arteries?
L4, level of the umbilicus
The nerves of the posterior wall come from which rami?
Ventral rami T12-L4
Where is the subcostal nerve found?
1 cm inferior to the 12th rib
What does the subcostal nerve supply- sensory and motor?
Sensory to anterior/lateral abdominal wall
Motor to EO, IO, TA, pyramidalis, RA, QL
What does the iliohypogastric nerve supply?
The skin of the suprapubic region
What does the ilioinguinal nerve supply?
It runs through the inguinal canal to supply it
Both the iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves supply what?
Abdominal muscles
T/F the iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves can arise from a common trunk?
True
What does the genitofemoral nerve supply?
It supplies the skin inferior and medial to inguinal ligament and the cremaster muscle of the spermatic cord
The genitofemoral nerve splits into what?
The femoral branch and the genital branch
What muscle does the genitofemoral nerve pierce?
Psoas major
The genitofemoral nerve is at which spinal levels?
L1-L2
What is the path of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve?
It descends anterior to the iliacus muscle, passes deep to the inguinal ring
What does the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve supply?
Supplies the anterior/lateral skin of the thigh
The femoral nerve comes from which spinal levels?
L2-L4
What is the path of the femoral nerve?
It runs between the iliacus and psoas major muscles, passes deep to the inguinal ligament and inferior to ASIS
What does the femoral nerve supply?
It supplies sensory and motor to the anterior thigh
What is the path of the obturator nerve?
It runs medial to the psoas major muscles and passes through the obturator foramen
What does the obturator nerve supply?
It supplies sensory and motor to the medial thigh
What is the lumbosacral trunk?
It is a large nerve trunk that provides general contributions to the lumbar and sacral plexuses
