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GI tract > Diaphragm, Kidneys & Posterior Abdominal Wall > Flashcards

Diaphragm, Kidneys & Posterior Abdominal Wall Flashcards

1
Q

Know where the phrenic nerves and vessels are and their pathways.

A

Deal.

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2
Q

The phrenic nerve originates from which spinal segments?

A

C3-C5

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3
Q

T/F the phrenic nerve has both motor and sensory components?

A

Troooth

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4
Q

If you have a spinal cord injury and your diaphragm is paralyzed, where is the diaphragm found?

A

High in the thorax because it can’t contract, which makes it descend (can be unilateral hemidiaphragm paralysis)

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5
Q

Where is the median arcuate ligament found?

A

It arches over the aorta

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6
Q

Where are the two medial arcuate ligaments found?

A

They arch over the psoas muscles

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7
Q

Where are the two lateral arcuate ligaments found?

A

They arch over the quadratus lumborum muscles

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8
Q

Which vessels supply the superior surface of the diaphragm?

A

The pericardiacophrenic and superior phrenic arteries (these come off the thoracic artery and thoracic aorta)

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9
Q

Which artery supplies the inferior surface of the diaphragm via the abdominal aorta?

A

The inferior phrenic artery

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10
Q

Which arteries supply the periphery of the diaphragm?

A

the musculophrenic artery via the internal thoracic artery

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11
Q

Where are the kidneys located?

A

Lateral to the vertebral column T12-L3

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12
Q

What encapsulates the kidneys?

A

perirenal fat and renal fascia

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13
Q

Kidneys ascend from where during development?

A

the pelvis

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14
Q

T/F the kidneys are in close proximity to the abdominal aorta and the inferior vena cava?

A

T

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15
Q

What are the two layers of the kidney?

A

Outer 1/3- renal cortex

Inner 2/3- renal medulla

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16
Q

Go draw a kidney. And the vasculature.

A

Okay

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17
Q

What receives the apex of the pyramids?

A

The renal papillae

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18
Q

Of the renal arteries, which side is longer?

A

The right renal artery is longer

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19
Q

T/F the left renal artery passes posterior to the IVC?

A

False, the right renal artery does

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20
Q

Which vessels supply the superior surface of the diaphragm?

A

The pericardiacophrenic and superior phrenic arteries (these come off the thoracic artery and thoracic aorta)

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21
Q

Which artery supplies the inferior surface of the diaphragm via the abdominal aorta?

A

The inferior phrenic artery

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22
Q

Which arteries supply the periphery of the diaphragm?

A

the musculophrenic artery via the internal thoracic artery

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23
Q

Where are the kidneys located?

A

Lateral to the vertebral column T12-L3

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24
Q

What encapsulates the kidneys?

A

perirenal fat and renal fascia

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25
Q

Kidneys ascend from where during development?

A

the pelvis

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26
Q

T/F the kidneys are in close proximity to the abdominal aorta and the inferior vena cava?

A

T

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27
Q

What are the two layers of the kidney?

A

Outer 1/3- renal cortex

Inner 2/3- renal medulla

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28
Q

Go draw a kidney. And the vasculature.

A

Okay

29
Q

What receives the apex of the pyramids?

A

The renal papillae

30
Q

Of the renal arteries, which side is longer?

A

The right renal artery is longer

31
Q

T/F the left renal artery passes posterior to the IVC?

A

False, the right renal artery does

32
Q

Are renal veins or arteries more anterior?

A

The renal veins

33
Q

Which renal vein is longer, right or left?

A

Left and it passes anterior to the aorta

34
Q

Draw the path of the ureters

A

You got it

35
Q

Where are the 4 sources from which the ureter arteries arise?

A
  1. Renal arteries
  2. Testicular/ovarian arteries
  3. Abdominal aorta
  4. Internal iliac artery (from pelvic cavity)
36
Q

Kidney stones (calculi) form in the kidney and can pass through the ureters into where?

A

The bladder

37
Q

T/F calculi cause referred pain?

T/F the region of referred pain changes with the level of obstruction

A

True and true

38
Q

What forces calculi down the ureter?

A

Waves of contraction

39
Q

Where is the subcostal nerve found?

A

1 cm inferior to the 12th rib (T12)

40
Q

What is the difference in shape between the two sides of adrenal glands?

A

The right adrenal gland is more triangular and the left adrenal gland is more semilunar

41
Q

What surrounds the adrenal gland?

A

Fibrous capsule

42
Q

Which part of the adrenal gland produces the adrenal steroids?

A

The adrenal cortex

43
Q

What is the job of the adrenal medulla?

A

It acts as the sympathetic ganglion

44
Q

T/F the adrenal glands are richly vascularized due to endocrine function?

A

True

45
Q

What are the three sources for the suprarenal arteries?

A
  1. The inferior phrenic
  2. Abdominal
  3. Renal
46
Q

What are the 6 posterior abdominal wall muscles?

A
  1. Transversus abdominus
  2. Quadratus lumborum
  3. Psoas major
  4. Iliacus
  5. Psoas minor
  6. Diaphragm
    I’d draw this one out if I were you
47
Q

How many pairs of lumbar arteries are there?

A

4

48
Q

The lumbar arteries are branches of what?

A

The abdominal aorta

49
Q

Where does the abdominal aorta bifurcate into the iliac arteries?

A

L4, level of the umbilicus

50
Q

The nerves of the posterior wall come from which rami?

A

Ventral rami T12-L4

51
Q

Where is the subcostal nerve found?

A

1 cm inferior to the 12th rib

52
Q

What does the subcostal nerve supply- sensory and motor?

A

Sensory to anterior/lateral abdominal wall

Motor to EO, IO, TA, pyramidalis, RA, QL

53
Q

What does the iliohypogastric nerve supply?

A

The skin of the suprapubic region

54
Q

What does the ilioinguinal nerve supply?

A

It runs through the inguinal canal to supply it

55
Q

Both the iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves supply what?

A

Abdominal muscles

56
Q

T/F the iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves can arise from a common trunk?

A

True

57
Q

What does the genitofemoral nerve supply?

A

It supplies the skin inferior and medial to inguinal ligament and the cremaster muscle of the spermatic cord

58
Q

The genitofemoral nerve splits into what?

A

The femoral branch and the genital branch

59
Q

What muscle does the genitofemoral nerve pierce?

A

Psoas major

60
Q

The genitofemoral nerve is at which spinal levels?

A

L1-L2

61
Q

What is the path of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve?

A

It descends anterior to the iliacus muscle, passes deep to the inguinal ring

62
Q

What does the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve supply?

A

Supplies the anterior/lateral skin of the thigh

63
Q

The femoral nerve comes from which spinal levels?

A

L2-L4

64
Q

What is the path of the femoral nerve?

A

It runs between the iliacus and psoas major muscles, passes deep to the inguinal ligament and inferior to ASIS

65
Q

What does the femoral nerve supply?

A

It supplies sensory and motor to the anterior thigh

66
Q

What is the path of the obturator nerve?

A

It runs medial to the psoas major muscles and passes through the obturator foramen

67
Q

What does the obturator nerve supply?

A

It supplies sensory and motor to the medial thigh

68
Q

What is the lumbosacral trunk?

A

It is a large nerve trunk that provides general contributions to the lumbar and sacral plexuses

GI tract (14 decks)

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