Embryology of Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

When does the urinary system form?

A

week 4

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2
Q

What are the two parts of the urogenital system?

A
  1. Urinary system

2. Genital system

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3
Q

From what tissue does the urogenital system originate?

A

intermediate mesoderm

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4
Q

T/F there are two slightly overlapping kidney systems?

A

False- there 3

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5
Q

What are the three kidney systems and what is their purpose?

A

Pronephros- rudimentary, nonfunctional
Mesonephros- function for a short time during early fetal period
Metanephros- forms the permanent kidney

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6
Q

When does the pronephros appear and degenerate?

A

Appears- day 21

Degenerates- day 24

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7
Q

When does mesonephros appear?

A

early week 4- usually when the pronephros degenerates

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8
Q

Where does the mesonephros develop/appear?

A

thoracic and lumbar segments of intermediate mesoderm

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9
Q

In week _ the thoracic segments regress but the mesonephric kidney continues to function until week __.

A

5

10

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10
Q

Urine travels from the mesonephros to the ____ via the ____ ____.

A

cloaca via the wolffian (mesonephric) duct

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11
Q

In which direction does canalization take place?

A

Caudally to cranially

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12
Q

Canalization initiates what?

A

The ureteric bud/metanephric diverticulum growth

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13
Q

What day does the collecting portion- the ureteric bud- occur?

A

day 28

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14
Q

The ureteric buds induce what?

A

the formation of metanephric blastema, which forms the glomeruli and tubules of the nephrons

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15
Q

What happens if there is no ureteric bud? What about extra ones?

A

Kidney doesn’t develop

Supernumerary kidneys

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16
Q

The stalk of the ureteric bud becomes what?

A

The ureter

17
Q

The kidneys ascend, T/F

A

Truth!

18
Q

When do the kidneys ascend?

A

Weeks 6-9

19
Q

Initially they kidneys form near the _____ ___ of the embryo.

A

caudal end

20
Q

Kidneys initially have their blood supply from the common iliac arteries. What happens during the ascent of the kidney?

A

New arteries will enter the hilum of the kidney

21
Q

As kidneys ascend, do they drag their blood supply with them?

A

Nope, new vessels come in as the old ones degenerate

22
Q

Pelvic kidney is the result of what?

A

The kidney doesn’t ascend- ectopic kidney

23
Q

Horseshoe kidney is a result of what?

A

The kidneys fusing together and running into the IMA, so it’s a little lower

24
Q

Supernumerary arteries of the kidney are a result of what?

A

… it’s fairly common, no big deal, as long as one of the extra arteries doesn’t push on the ureter

25
Q

The cloaca in the hindgut becomes divided by the _____ ____.

A

Urorectal septum

26
Q

The urorectal septum turns the cloaca into what two areas?

A
  1. Ventral urogenital sinus

2. Dorsal anorectal canal

27
Q

The bladder forms from what portion of what?

A

The vesical portion of the urogenital sinus

28
Q

The urethra comes from what part of what?

A

The pelvic part of the urogenital sinus

29
Q

The distal portions of the mesonephric ducts and the attached ureteric ducts become incorporated into what?

A

The posterior aspect of the bladder

30
Q

The spongy part of the urethra come from the ____ part of the urgogenital sinus

A

phallic

31
Q

When the allatois is closed off/obliterated proximally, what is the obliterated part called?

A

The urachus

32
Q

What is a urachal cyst?

A

Part of the allantois is closed off, then its open for a small pocket, and then it’s regular

33
Q

What’s a urachal sinus?

A

It’s where the allantois is open and can drip urine out

34
Q

What’s a urachal fistula?

A

It’s not a sinus and it’s not a cyst, but it’s kinda like the allantois was never obliterated- there is no urachus