Embryology of Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

When does the urinary system form?

A

week 4

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2
Q

What are the two parts of the urogenital system?

A
  1. Urinary system

2. Genital system

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3
Q

From what tissue does the urogenital system originate?

A

intermediate mesoderm

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4
Q

T/F there are two slightly overlapping kidney systems?

A

False- there 3

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5
Q

What are the three kidney systems and what is their purpose?

A

Pronephros- rudimentary, nonfunctional
Mesonephros- function for a short time during early fetal period
Metanephros- forms the permanent kidney

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6
Q

When does the pronephros appear and degenerate?

A

Appears- day 21

Degenerates- day 24

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7
Q

When does mesonephros appear?

A

early week 4- usually when the pronephros degenerates

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8
Q

Where does the mesonephros develop/appear?

A

thoracic and lumbar segments of intermediate mesoderm

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9
Q

In week _ the thoracic segments regress but the mesonephric kidney continues to function until week __.

A

5

10

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10
Q

Urine travels from the mesonephros to the ____ via the ____ ____.

A

cloaca via the wolffian (mesonephric) duct

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11
Q

In which direction does canalization take place?

A

Caudally to cranially

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12
Q

Canalization initiates what?

A

The ureteric bud/metanephric diverticulum growth

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13
Q

What day does the collecting portion- the ureteric bud- occur?

A

day 28

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14
Q

The ureteric buds induce what?

A

the formation of metanephric blastema, which forms the glomeruli and tubules of the nephrons

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15
Q

What happens if there is no ureteric bud? What about extra ones?

A

Kidney doesn’t develop

Supernumerary kidneys

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16
Q

The stalk of the ureteric bud becomes what?

A

The ureter

17
Q

The kidneys ascend, T/F

18
Q

When do the kidneys ascend?

19
Q

Initially they kidneys form near the _____ ___ of the embryo.

A

caudal end

20
Q

Kidneys initially have their blood supply from the common iliac arteries. What happens during the ascent of the kidney?

A

New arteries will enter the hilum of the kidney

21
Q

As kidneys ascend, do they drag their blood supply with them?

A

Nope, new vessels come in as the old ones degenerate

22
Q

Pelvic kidney is the result of what?

A

The kidney doesn’t ascend- ectopic kidney

23
Q

Horseshoe kidney is a result of what?

A

The kidneys fusing together and running into the IMA, so it’s a little lower

24
Q

Supernumerary arteries of the kidney are a result of what?

A

… it’s fairly common, no big deal, as long as one of the extra arteries doesn’t push on the ureter

25
The cloaca in the hindgut becomes divided by the _____ ____.
Urorectal septum
26
The urorectal septum turns the cloaca into what two areas?
1. Ventral urogenital sinus | 2. Dorsal anorectal canal
27
The bladder forms from what portion of what?
The vesical portion of the urogenital sinus
28
The urethra comes from what part of what?
The pelvic part of the urogenital sinus
29
The distal portions of the mesonephric ducts and the attached ureteric ducts become incorporated into what?
The posterior aspect of the bladder
30
The spongy part of the urethra come from the ____ part of the urgogenital sinus
phallic
31
When the allatois is closed off/obliterated proximally, what is the obliterated part called?
The urachus
32
What is a urachal cyst?
Part of the allantois is closed off, then its open for a small pocket, and then it's regular
33
What's a urachal sinus?
It's where the allantois is open and can drip urine out
34
What's a urachal fistula?
It's not a sinus and it's not a cyst, but it's kinda like the allantois was never obliterated- there is no urachus