Genital system embryo Flashcards
The genital system arises from what?
Intermediate mesoderm
Intermediate mesoderm becomes retroperitoneal or intraperitoneal?
Retro
What are the two portions of the urogenital ridge?
Nephrogenic cord
Gonadal ridge
The nephrogenic cord is responsible for?
Urinary structures
The gonadal ridge is responsible for?
Genital structures
When are differences in sex observable in the embryo?
7th week
What are the cells called when the mesothelium lining each gonadal ridge thickens?
Gonadal cord cells
SRY is the sex determining region of the Y chromosome. It codes for TDF- testes determining factor.
Yep
Which cells produce testosterone?
Leydig cells
Sertoli cells develop from what?
Gonadal cord cells
If TDF (testes determining factor) is present, the gonadal cords separate from the cortex, extend into the medulla of the testicles and form what?
seminiferous tubules and rete testes
Cord cells eventually develop into what?
Sertoli cells
Gonadal cords envelop ____ and form the seminiferous tubules and Rete testes.
PGCs (primitive gonadal cords)
______ induces mesonephric duct to form male genital ducts.
Testosterone
When testosterone is present, the mesonephric duct becomes the _____ ______.
Ductus deferens
When testosterone is present, the superior end of the mesonephric duct becomes the what?
epididymis
When testosterone is present, the mesonephric tubules become what?
efferent ductules
Leydig cells produce _____ which causes the ______ ____ to form the male genitals.
testosterone
mesonephric duct
Caudal ends of the mesonephric ducts develop what two things?
The seminal vesicles and ejaculatory ducts
T/F the vas deferens is derived from the mesonephric duct?
True
The mesonephric duct develops into what 4 things?
- Epididymis
- Ductus deferens
- Seminal vesicle
- Ejaculatory duct
The mesonephric tubules are responsible for what?
Efferent ductules
The gonadal cords become what two things?
- Seminiferous tubules
2. Rete testes
The prostate and bulbo-urethral glands are endodermal outgrowths from what?
The urogenital sinus
Sertoli cells produce what?
MIH (Mullerian inhibiting hormone)
What happens when MIH is made?
The mullerian ducts regress/degenerate
What is the remnant of the mullerian duct after degeneration?
Appendix testis
The gubernaculum extends from where to where?
From the gonad to the labioscrotal swelling (future scrotal sac)
What happens as the gubernaculum shortens?
It pulls the testis, ductus deferens, and testicular vessels inferiorly through the abdominal wall (via the inguinal canal) and eventually into the scrotal sac
What are the layers of the spermatic cord derived from?
From the anterior abdominal wall muscular layers and fascia that moves inferiorly with the testis
What is hydrocoele of the testes/spermatic cord?
Development of fluid filled cysts
What is cryptorchidism?
Failure of the testes to descend
T/F- If there is no Y chromosome, then there is no sex determining region and no TDF?
True
What are the “caretakers” of PGCs in males? In females?
Males- sertoli cells
Females- follicular cells
From which tissue do stromal cells of the ovary develop?
Gonadal ridge mesenchym
Follicular cells develop from what?
Gonadal cord cells
The follicular cells surround the PGCs and form what?
Ovarian follicles
In females, when the cortical cord breaks up into pieces the cord cells develop into flat ____ ____ that surround each oogonium.
follicular cells
If there is low testosterone instead of high testosterone, what happens to the mesonephric ducts?
They regress
If there is no MIH, what happens?
Continued growth and development of Mullerian ducts
In females the mesonephric duct degenerates. What are the three remnants?
Epoophoron
Paraophoron
Gartner’s cyst
The Mullerian ducts will form what three things?
- Uterine tubes
- Uterus
- Superior Vagina
Which end of the Mullerian duct forms the uterine tubes?
The cranial end
The ____ end of the mullerian ducts fuse to form the ______ ______ which will form the uterus and superior portion of the vaginal canal.
caudal
uterovaginal primordium
The inferior vagina is derived from what?
The urogenital sinus
When the uterovaginal primordium comes in contact with the dorsal wall of the urogenital sinus, it induces the formation of some endodermal outgrowths called what?
Sinovaginal bulbs
The sinovaginal bulbs form what?
A vaginal plate (inferior vagina)
What are the three accessory glands of the female genital system?
- greater vestibular glands
- Urethral glands
- Paraurethral glands
The gubernaculum in women becomes what after the descent of the ovaries?
The ovarian ligament
See the embyro pictures
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