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GI tract > Genital system embryo > Flashcards

Genital system embryo Flashcards

1
Q

The genital system arises from what?

A

Intermediate mesoderm

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2
Q

Intermediate mesoderm becomes retroperitoneal or intraperitoneal?

A

Retro

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3
Q

What are the two portions of the urogenital ridge?

A

Nephrogenic cord

Gonadal ridge

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4
Q

The nephrogenic cord is responsible for?

A

Urinary structures

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5
Q

The gonadal ridge is responsible for?

A

Genital structures

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6
Q

When are differences in sex observable in the embryo?

A

7th week

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7
Q

What are the cells called when the mesothelium lining each gonadal ridge thickens?

A

Gonadal cord cells

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8
Q

SRY is the sex determining region of the Y chromosome. It codes for TDF- testes determining factor.

A

Yep

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9
Q

Which cells produce testosterone?

A

Leydig cells

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10
Q

Sertoli cells develop from what?

A

Gonadal cord cells

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11
Q

If TDF (testes determining factor) is present, the gonadal cords separate from the cortex, extend into the medulla of the testicles and form what?

A

seminiferous tubules and rete testes

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12
Q

Cord cells eventually develop into what?

A

Sertoli cells

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13
Q

Gonadal cords envelop ____ and form the seminiferous tubules and Rete testes.

A

PGCs (primitive gonadal cords)

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14
Q

______ induces mesonephric duct to form male genital ducts.

A

Testosterone

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15
Q

When testosterone is present, the mesonephric duct becomes the _____ ______.

A

Ductus deferens

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16
Q

When testosterone is present, the superior end of the mesonephric duct becomes the what?

A

epididymis

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17
Q

When testosterone is present, the mesonephric tubules become what?

A

efferent ductules

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18
Q

Leydig cells produce _____ which causes the ______ ____ to form the male genitals.

A

testosterone

mesonephric duct

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19
Q

Caudal ends of the mesonephric ducts develop what two things?

A

The seminal vesicles and ejaculatory ducts

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20
Q

T/F the vas deferens is derived from the mesonephric duct?

A

True

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21
Q

The mesonephric duct develops into what 4 things?

A
  1. Epididymis
  2. Ductus deferens
  3. Seminal vesicle
  4. Ejaculatory duct
22
Q

The mesonephric tubules are responsible for what?

A

Efferent ductules

23
Q

The gonadal cords become what two things?

A
  1. Seminiferous tubules

2. Rete testes

24
Q

The prostate and bulbo-urethral glands are endodermal outgrowths from what?

A

The urogenital sinus

25
Q

Sertoli cells produce what?

A

MIH (Mullerian inhibiting hormone)

26
Q

What happens when MIH is made?

A

The mullerian ducts regress/degenerate

27
Q

What is the remnant of the mullerian duct after degeneration?

A

Appendix testis

28
Q

The gubernaculum extends from where to where?

A

From the gonad to the labioscrotal swelling (future scrotal sac)

29
Q

What happens as the gubernaculum shortens?

A

It pulls the testis, ductus deferens, and testicular vessels inferiorly through the abdominal wall (via the inguinal canal) and eventually into the scrotal sac

30
Q

What are the layers of the spermatic cord derived from?

A

From the anterior abdominal wall muscular layers and fascia that moves inferiorly with the testis

31
Q

What is hydrocoele of the testes/spermatic cord?

A

Development of fluid filled cysts

32
Q

What is cryptorchidism?

A

Failure of the testes to descend

33
Q

T/F- If there is no Y chromosome, then there is no sex determining region and no TDF?

A

True

34
Q

What are the “caretakers” of PGCs in males? In females?

A

Males- sertoli cells

Females- follicular cells

35
Q

From which tissue do stromal cells of the ovary develop?

A

Gonadal ridge mesenchym

36
Q

Follicular cells develop from what?

A

Gonadal cord cells

37
Q

The follicular cells surround the PGCs and form what?

A

Ovarian follicles

38
Q

In females, when the cortical cord breaks up into pieces the cord cells develop into flat ____ ____ that surround each oogonium.

A

follicular cells

39
Q

If there is low testosterone instead of high testosterone, what happens to the mesonephric ducts?

A

They regress

40
Q

If there is no MIH, what happens?

A

Continued growth and development of Mullerian ducts

41
Q

In females the mesonephric duct degenerates. What are the three remnants?

A

Epoophoron
Paraophoron
Gartner’s cyst

42
Q

The Mullerian ducts will form what three things?

A
  1. Uterine tubes
  2. Uterus
  3. Superior Vagina
43
Q

Which end of the Mullerian duct forms the uterine tubes?

A

The cranial end

44
Q

The ____ end of the mullerian ducts fuse to form the ______ ______ which will form the uterus and superior portion of the vaginal canal.

A

caudal

uterovaginal primordium

45
Q

The inferior vagina is derived from what?

A

The urogenital sinus

46
Q

When the uterovaginal primordium comes in contact with the dorsal wall of the urogenital sinus, it induces the formation of some endodermal outgrowths called what?

A

Sinovaginal bulbs

47
Q

The sinovaginal bulbs form what?

A

A vaginal plate (inferior vagina)

48
Q

What are the three accessory glands of the female genital system?

A
  1. greater vestibular glands
  2. Urethral glands
  3. Paraurethral glands
49
Q

The gubernaculum in women becomes what after the descent of the ovaries?

A

The ovarian ligament

50
Q

See the embyro pictures

A

okay

GI tract (14 decks)

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