Genital system embryo

Question 1

The genital system arises from what?

Answer 1

Intermediate mesoderm

Question 2

Intermediate mesoderm becomes retroperitoneal or intraperitoneal?

Answer 2

Retro

Question 3

What are the two portions of the urogenital ridge?

Answer 3

Nephrogenic cord

Gonadal ridge

Question 4

The nephrogenic cord is responsible for?

Answer 4

Urinary structures

Question 5

The gonadal ridge is responsible for?

Answer 5

Genital structures

Question 6

When are differences in sex observable in the embryo?

Answer 6

7th week

Question 7

What are the cells called when the mesothelium lining each gonadal ridge thickens?

Answer 7

Gonadal cord cells

Question 8

SRY is the sex determining region of the Y chromosome. It codes for TDF- testes determining factor.

Answer 8

Yep

Question 9

Which cells produce testosterone?

Answer 9

Leydig cells

Question 10

Sertoli cells develop from what?

Answer 10

Gonadal cord cells

Question 11

If TDF (testes determining factor) is present, the gonadal cords separate from the cortex, extend into the medulla of the testicles and form what?

Answer 11

seminiferous tubules and rete testes

Question 12

Cord cells eventually develop into what?

Answer 12

Sertoli cells

Question 13

Gonadal cords envelop ____ and form the seminiferous tubules and Rete testes.

Answer 13

PGCs (primitive gonadal cords)

Question 14

______ induces mesonephric duct to form male genital ducts.

Answer 14

Testosterone

Question 15

When testosterone is present, the mesonephric duct becomes the _____ ______.

Answer 15

Ductus deferens

Question 16

When testosterone is present, the superior end of the mesonephric duct becomes the what?

Answer 16

epididymis

Question 17

When testosterone is present, the mesonephric tubules become what?

Answer 17

efferent ductules

Question 18

Leydig cells produce _____ which causes the ______ ____ to form the male genitals.

Answer 18

testosterone

mesonephric duct

Question 19

Caudal ends of the mesonephric ducts develop what two things?

Answer 19

The seminal vesicles and ejaculatory ducts

Question 20

T/F the vas deferens is derived from the mesonephric duct?

Answer 20

True

Question 21

The mesonephric duct develops into what 4 things?

Answer 21

1. Epididymis
2. Ductus deferens
3. Seminal vesicle
4. Ejaculatory duct

Question 22

The mesonephric tubules are responsible for what?

Answer 22

Efferent ductules

Question 23

The gonadal cords become what two things?

Answer 23

1. Seminiferous tubules

2. Rete testes

Question 24

The prostate and bulbo-urethral glands are endodermal outgrowths from what?

Answer 24

The urogenital sinus

Question 25

Sertoli cells produce what?

Answer 25

MIH (Mullerian inhibiting hormone)

Question 26

What happens when MIH is made?

Answer 26

The mullerian ducts regress/degenerate

Question 27

What is the remnant of the mullerian duct after degeneration?

Answer 27

Appendix testis

Question 28

The gubernaculum extends from where to where?

Answer 28

From the gonad to the labioscrotal swelling (future scrotal sac)

Question 29

What happens as the gubernaculum shortens?

Answer 29

It pulls the testis, ductus deferens, and testicular vessels inferiorly through the abdominal wall (via the inguinal canal) and eventually into the scrotal sac

Question 30

What are the layers of the spermatic cord derived from?

Answer 30

From the anterior abdominal wall muscular layers and fascia that moves inferiorly with the testis

Question 31

What is hydrocoele of the testes/spermatic cord?

Answer 31

Development of fluid filled cysts

Question 32

What is cryptorchidism?

Answer 32

Failure of the testes to descend

Question 33

T/F- If there is no Y chromosome, then there is no sex determining region and no TDF?

Answer 33

True

Question 34

What are the "caretakers" of PGCs in males? In females?

Answer 34

Males- sertoli cells | Females- follicular cells

Question 35

From which tissue do stromal cells of the ovary develop?

Answer 35

Gonadal ridge mesenchym

Question 36

Follicular cells develop from what?

Answer 36

Gonadal cord cells

Question 37

The follicular cells surround the PGCs and form what?

Answer 37

Ovarian follicles

Question 38

In females, when the cortical cord breaks up into pieces the cord cells develop into flat ____ ____ that surround each oogonium.

Answer 38

follicular cells

Question 39

If there is low testosterone instead of high testosterone, what happens to the mesonephric ducts?

Answer 39

They regress

Question 40

If there is no MIH, what happens?

Answer 40

Continued growth and development of Mullerian ducts

Question 41

In females the mesonephric duct degenerates. What are the three remnants?

Answer 41

Epoophoron Paraophoron Gartner's cyst

Question 42

The Mullerian ducts will form what three things?

Answer 42

1. Uterine tubes 2. Uterus 3. Superior Vagina

Question 43

Which end of the Mullerian duct forms the uterine tubes?

Answer 43

The cranial end

Question 44

The ____ end of the mullerian ducts fuse to form the ______ ______ which will form the uterus and superior portion of the vaginal canal.

Answer 44

caudal | uterovaginal primordium

Question 45

The inferior vagina is derived from what?

Answer 45

The urogenital sinus

Question 46

When the uterovaginal primordium comes in contact with the dorsal wall of the urogenital sinus, it induces the formation of some endodermal outgrowths called what?

Answer 46

Sinovaginal bulbs

Question 47

The sinovaginal bulbs form what?

Answer 47

A vaginal plate (inferior vagina)

Question 48

What are the three accessory glands of the female genital system?

Answer 48

1. greater vestibular glands 2. Urethral glands 3. Paraurethral glands

Question 49

The gubernaculum in women becomes what after the descent of the ovaries?

Answer 49

The ovarian ligament

Question 50

See the embyro pictures

Answer 50

okay