Histo

Question 1

Organs of the GI tract include:

Answer 1

mouth, most of pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

Question 2

What are the accessory digestive organs?

Answer 2

Tongue, teeth, salivary glands, pancreas, liver, gallbladder

Question 3

What accessory digestive organs are associated with physical/mechanical breakdown?

Answer 3

tongue and teeth

Question 4

What accessory digestive organs are associated with secretions?

Answer 4

salivary glands, pancreas, liver, gallbladder

Question 5

From the lumen outward what are the four layers of tissue present?

Answer 5

1. Mucosa
2. Submucosa
3. Muscularis externa
4. Serosa or adventitia

Question 6

What are the 3 layers of the mucosal lining of the GI tract?

Answer 6

1. Lining epithelium
2. Lamina propria
3. Muscularis mucosae

Question 7

What are the two cell types found in the lining epithelium?

Answer 7

1. nonkeratinized stratified squamous epitheliium

2. Simple columnar epithelium

Question 8

The lamina propria is _____ connective tissue.

Answer 8

loose (areolar)

Question 9

The muscularis mucosae is _____ muscle.

Answer 9

smooth

Question 10

Smooth muscle tissue of the digestive system wall has two layers. What are they?

Answer 10

1. Inner circular layer

2. Outer longitudinal layer

Question 11

T/F the inner circular layer can be thickened to form sphincters or valves?

Answer 11

True fact of life

Question 12

Where is the serosa in relation to the other tissues?

Answer 12

It surrounds the smooth muscle layer

Question 13

The serosa is made up of what two types of tissue?

Answer 13

1. Mesothelium

2. Loose (areolar) connective tissue

Question 14

What type of tissue is the adventitia made up of?

Answer 14

Loose (areolar) connective tissue

Question 15

What epithelial tissue lines the esophagus?

Answer 15

Nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Question 16

What type of muscle tissue is found in the the esophageal lining?

Answer 16

The muscularis externa has both skeletal (upper 1/3) and smooth muscle tissue (lower 1/3) and a mix of both in the middle 1/3

Question 17

What are the two types of mucous glands found in the esophagus?

Answer 17

1. Esophageal glands (proper)

2. Esophageal cardiac glands

Question 18

Where are esophageal glands (proper) found?

Answer 18

in the submucosa

Question 19

Where are esophageal cardiac glands found?

Answer 19

In the lamina propria

Question 20

What are the four divisions of the stomach?

Answer 20

1. Cardia
2. Fundus
3. Body
4. Pylorus
   (histologically speaking the body and fundus are combined)

Question 21

The cardiac glands are primarily _____ glands.

Answer 21

mucous

Question 22

The gastric/fundic glands secrete what two things?

Answer 22

HCl and pepsin

Question 23

The pyloric glands are primarily ____ glands.

Answer 23

mucous

Question 24

The surface mucous cells of the stomach are what kind of cells?

Answer 24

simple columnar epithelium

Question 25

Gastric pits in the stomach lead to _____ _____.

Answer 25

gastric glands

Question 26

What are the layers of smooth muscle in the stomach?

Answer 26

outer longitudinal middle circular inner oblique

Question 27

What are the three parts of the small intestine?

Answer 27

Duodenum Jejunum Ileum

Question 28

The small intestine has a large surface area which is important in what?

Answer 28

absorption

Question 29

What are some examples of absorptive cells in the small intestine?

Answer 29

Vili | Microvili

Question 30

What kind of epithelial cells line the small intestine?

Answer 30

simple columnar epithelium absorptive enterocytes goglet cells

Question 31

Crypts of Lieberkuhn are what?

Answer 31

Intestinal glands

Question 32

Where are brunner's glands found (glands that produce alkaline mucous)?

Answer 32

In the duodenum

Question 33

Does the large intestine have plicae circulares and villi?

Answer 33

Nope

Question 34

What type of epithelial cells are found in the colon?

Answer 34

simple columnar epithelium

Question 35

Are Crypts of Lieberkuhn found in the large intestine?

Answer 35

Yes

Question 36

What are the absorptive cells of the colon called?

Answer 36

coloncytes

Question 37

What cells are found in the lamina propria of the large intestine?

Answer 37

lymphoid cells and nodules

Question 38

The pancreas has three parts. What are they?

Answer 38

head body tail

Question 39

The pancreas functions 98-99% as a ______ gland.

Answer 39

exocrine

Question 40

What are the two sources of blood for the liver?

Answer 40

1. The hepatic artery (oxygenated blood) 2. The hepatic portal vein (deoxygenated blood with newly absorbed nutrients, drugs, and possible microbes and toxins from GI tract)

Question 41

Where are oxygen, most nutrients, and certain toxic substances taken up by the hepatocytes? This is also where the hepatocytes products and stored nutrients are secreted back into the blood.

Answer 41

Liver sinusoids

Question 42

The liver is composed of structural and functional units called ___ ____.

Answer 42

Hepatic lobules

Question 43

What do the hepatic lobules surround?

Answer 43

A central vein

Question 44

What are the largest cells lining the sinusoids of the hepatocytes called and what do they do?

Answer 44

Called Kupffer cells | Phagocytic properties- helps break down damaged/old RBCs that reach the liver from the spleen.

Question 45

chief cells are also called ______ ____.

Answer 45

Zymogenic cells

Question 46

Where does most absorption take place?

Answer 46

about 90% in the small intestine

Question 47

What are plicae circulares and where are they found?

Answer 47

permanent circular folds in the small intestine

Question 48

What are the absorptive cells of the small intestine called?

Answer 48

enterocytes

Question 49

Chyme from the stomach goes into the duodenum and it's very acidic. How does the body regulate the acidity?

Answer 49

Brunner's glands in the duodenum produce an alkaline mucous to neutralize the pH

Question 50

Where are teniae coli found?

Answer 50

In the large intestine