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GI tract > Histo > Flashcards

Histo Flashcards

1
Q

Organs of the GI tract include:

A

mouth, most of pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

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2
Q

What are the accessory digestive organs?

A

Tongue, teeth, salivary glands, pancreas, liver, gallbladder

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3
Q

What accessory digestive organs are associated with physical/mechanical breakdown?

A

tongue and teeth

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4
Q

What accessory digestive organs are associated with secretions?

A

salivary glands, pancreas, liver, gallbladder

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5
Q

From the lumen outward what are the four layers of tissue present?

A
  1. Mucosa
  2. Submucosa
  3. Muscularis externa
  4. Serosa or adventitia
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6
Q

What are the 3 layers of the mucosal lining of the GI tract?

A
  1. Lining epithelium
  2. Lamina propria
  3. Muscularis mucosae
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7
Q

What are the two cell types found in the lining epithelium?

A
  1. nonkeratinized stratified squamous epitheliium

2. Simple columnar epithelium

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8
Q

The lamina propria is _____ connective tissue.

A

loose (areolar)

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9
Q

The muscularis mucosae is _____ muscle.

A

smooth

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10
Q

Smooth muscle tissue of the digestive system wall has two layers. What are they?

A
  1. Inner circular layer

2. Outer longitudinal layer

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11
Q

T/F the inner circular layer can be thickened to form sphincters or valves?

A

True fact of life

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12
Q

Where is the serosa in relation to the other tissues?

A

It surrounds the smooth muscle layer

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13
Q

The serosa is made up of what two types of tissue?

A
  1. Mesothelium

2. Loose (areolar) connective tissue

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14
Q

What type of tissue is the adventitia made up of?

A

Loose (areolar) connective tissue

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15
Q

What epithelial tissue lines the esophagus?

A

Nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

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16
Q

What type of muscle tissue is found in the the esophageal lining?

A

The muscularis externa has both skeletal (upper 1/3) and smooth muscle tissue (lower 1/3) and a mix of both in the middle 1/3

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17
Q

What are the two types of mucous glands found in the esophagus?

A
  1. Esophageal glands (proper)

2. Esophageal cardiac glands

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18
Q

Where are esophageal glands (proper) found?

A

in the submucosa

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19
Q

Where are esophageal cardiac glands found?

A

In the lamina propria

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20
Q

What are the four divisions of the stomach?

A
  1. Cardia
  2. Fundus
  3. Body
  4. Pylorus
    (histologically speaking the body and fundus are combined)
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21
Q

The cardiac glands are primarily _____ glands.

A

mucous

22
Q

The gastric/fundic glands secrete what two things?

A

HCl and pepsin

23
Q

The pyloric glands are primarily ____ glands.

A

mucous

24
Q

The surface mucous cells of the stomach are what kind of cells?

A

simple columnar epithelium

25
Q

Gastric pits in the stomach lead to _____ _____.

A

gastric glands

26
Q

What are the layers of smooth muscle in the stomach?

A

outer longitudinal
middle circular
inner oblique

27
Q

What are the three parts of the small intestine?

A

Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum

28
Q

The small intestine has a large surface area which is important in what?

A

absorption

29
Q

What are some examples of absorptive cells in the small intestine?

A

Vili

Microvili

30
Q

What kind of epithelial cells line the small intestine?

A

simple columnar epithelium
absorptive enterocytes
goglet cells

31
Q

Crypts of Lieberkuhn are what?

A

Intestinal glands

32
Q

Where are brunner’s glands found (glands that produce alkaline mucous)?

A

In the duodenum

33
Q

Does the large intestine have plicae circulares and villi?

A

Nope

34
Q

What type of epithelial cells are found in the colon?

A

simple columnar epithelium

35
Q

Are Crypts of Lieberkuhn found in the large intestine?

A

Yes

36
Q

What are the absorptive cells of the colon called?

A

coloncytes

37
Q

What cells are found in the lamina propria of the large intestine?

A

lymphoid cells and nodules

38
Q

The pancreas has three parts. What are they?

A

head
body
tail

39
Q

The pancreas functions 98-99% as a ______ gland.

A

exocrine

40
Q

What are the two sources of blood for the liver?

A
  1. The hepatic artery (oxygenated blood)
  2. The hepatic portal vein (deoxygenated blood with newly absorbed nutrients, drugs, and possible microbes and toxins from GI tract)
41
Q

Where are oxygen, most nutrients, and certain toxic substances taken up by the hepatocytes? This is also where the hepatocytes products and stored nutrients are secreted back into the blood.

A

Liver sinusoids

42
Q

The liver is composed of structural and functional units called ___ ____.

A

Hepatic lobules

43
Q

What do the hepatic lobules surround?

A

A central vein

44
Q

What are the largest cells lining the sinusoids of the hepatocytes called and what do they do?

A

Called Kupffer cells

Phagocytic properties- helps break down damaged/old RBCs that reach the liver from the spleen.

45
Q

chief cells are also called ______ ____.

A

Zymogenic cells

46
Q

Where does most absorption take place?

A

about 90% in the small intestine

47
Q

What are plicae circulares and where are they found?

A

permanent circular folds in the small intestine

48
Q

What are the absorptive cells of the small intestine called?

A

enterocytes

49
Q

Chyme from the stomach goes into the duodenum and it’s very acidic. How does the body regulate the acidity?

A

Brunner’s glands in the duodenum produce an alkaline mucous to neutralize the pH

50
Q

Where are teniae coli found?

A

In the large intestine

GI tract (14 decks)

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