The upper abdomen, peritoneum and viscera Flashcards
Organs behind the peritoneum are ________.
Retroperitoneal
What is the purpose of the peritoneal cavity?
Potential space within the sac contains a small amount of serous fluid that allows organs to move freely without friction
What happens if the potential space in the peritoneal cavity becomes an actual space?
Becomes an ascite- can fill up with several liters of fluid. woa
Where do vessels tend to travel?
between the peritoneal layers
What ligament is associated with the greater omentum?
The gastrocolic ligament.
What is the purpose of the gastrocolic ligament?
It drapes over the small intestines like an apron- it can wall off infections and inflammation sites
Where are the greater and lesser omentum attached to?
Greater omentum is attached to the greater curvature of the stomach
Lesser omentum is attached to the lesser curvature of the stomach
How is the lesser omentum connected to the liver?
Hepatogastric ligament connects the liver to the stomach
Hepatoduodenal ligament connects the liver to the duodenum and contains the portal triad
What is the portal triad?
It is comprised of the hepatic artery, portal vein, and bile duct
What is the purpose of the mesentary proper?
It anchors most of the small intestine to the posterior abdominal wall
What is the duodenum anchored to the abdominal wall by?
by the suspensory ligament of Treitz
T/F the suspensory ligament of Treitz is a fibrous ligament?
False, it is a fibromuscular ligament.
What is the purpose of the suspensory ligament of Treitz?
It keeps the juodenaljejunal junction from sagging
What is the purpose of the mesocolon?
It anchors portions of the colon to the posterior abdominal wall.
Do the ascending and descending colon have mesentary?
Nope
How is the ascending and descending colon anchored?
It is attached directly to the posterior wall
How is the transverse colon anchored?
Via the transverse mesocolon
How is the sigmoid colon anchored?
Via the sigmoid mesocolon
T/F the rectum is only partly covered with peritoneum?
Truth
What does the falciform ligament do?
- It divides the liver into right and left lobes
2. It anchors the liver to the diaphragm and anterior body wall
The round ligament comes off of what?
The falciform ligament
What does the coronary ligament do?
It attaches the liver to the inferior surface of the diaphragm
The coronary ligament borders what?
The bare area (upper posterior) of the liver
____ covers the fetal urachus
1 median umbilical fold
2 medial umbilical folds cover _____
the fetal umbilical arteries
2 lateral umbilical folds cover _____
the inferior epigastric vessels
Peritoneal pouches are potential spaces in _____ patients.
Standing
What are the two peritoneal pouches?
Hepatorenal pouch
Rectovesical/retrouterine pouch
Clinically speaking, what can accumulate in the peritoneal pouches?
pathological fluids
What is the hepatorenal pouch bound by? (4 things)
the liver, right kidney, colon, and duodenum
Which one is more superior, the hepatorenal pouch or rectovesical/rectouterine pouch?
the hepatorenal pouch
Know how the pouches can drain into each other.
Okay
Where is the rectovesical/rectouterine pouch located?
between the rectum and uterus
What is the liver’s job?
detoxifies chemical products and produces bile
What is the gall bladder’s job?
stores bile for emulsification of fats
What does the pancreas do?
It produces enzymes for digestion
What does the spleen do?
It produces lymphocytes and filters blood
What does the stomach do?
It stores food prior to entering the duodenum
What does the small intestine do?
It is for primary chemical digestion
What does the large intestine do?
it is secondary for chemical digestion
What is the kidney’s job?
Filter waste products out of blood
What do the adrenal glands do?
Cortex that produce steroid hormones and medulla acts as a sympathethic ganglia
The gallbladder is attached to what, where?
To the inferior surface of the liver
The gallbladder receives ___ produced by the liver via bile ducts.
bile
Bile drains into the _______ through bile ducts.
duodenum
T/F, right and left hepatic ducts receive bile from right and left lobes of the liver?
true
The common hepatic duct receives what?
Bile via the right and left hepatic ducts
T/F the cystic duct is connected to the duodenum?
False, it runs into the common hepatic duct
The common bile duct receives which ducts?
The cystic and common hepatic ducts
The common bile duct joins the ___ _______ ___.
main pancreatic duct
Both the common bile and main pancreatic ducts empty into the ______ ______ _____.
Major duodenal papilla
What are the 5 regions of the pancreas?
Head Neck Body Tail Uncinate process
Where does the main pancreatic duct enter?
The duodenum at the major duodenal papilla
T/F the pattern of pancreatic drainage is set.
False, it’s variable
The spleen has a diaphragmatic surface along which ribs?
9-11
The celiac trunk supplies which structures?
The liver, gallbladder, esophagus, stomach, pancreas, & spleen
What are the three main branches of the celiac trunk?
The common hepatic
The left gastric
The splenic artery
What are the two terminal branches of the common hepatic artery?
Proper hepatic
Gastroduodenal
What is the course of the proper hepatic artery?
As the superior branch of the hepatic artery, it runs towards the liver, medial to the bile duct and then it splits into right and left hepatic arteries
What is the inferior branch of the common hepatic artery?
The gastroduodenal artery
Where does the gastroduodenal artery run toward and what are its branches?
The gastroduodenal artery runs towards the junction of the stomach and duodenum.
Two branches:
1. Pancreaticoduodenal artery- supplies pancreas, duodenal
2. Right gastroepiploic- supplies the greater curvature of the stomach
The left gastric artery is the ______ branch of the celiac trunk.
Superior
The left gastric artery runs left towards the ____ ___ ___ ___ ____?
Lesser curvature of the stomach
What does the left gastric artery supply?
the stomach and esophagus (via esophageal branches)
The splenic artery runs towards the ____.
spleen
The splenic artery supplies what two structures?
the pancreas and the spleen
What arteries supply the greater curvature of the stomach and what are they branches of?
The short gastric and the left gastroepiploic arteries are branches of the splenic artery and supply the greater curvature of the stomach
T/F, there are many common variations of the hepatic artery.
T
What does the cystic artery supply?
the gall bladder and the cystic duct
