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GI tract > The upper abdomen, peritoneum and viscera > Flashcards

The upper abdomen, peritoneum and viscera Flashcards

1
Q

Organs behind the peritoneum are ________.

A

Retroperitoneal

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2
Q

What is the purpose of the peritoneal cavity?

A

Potential space within the sac contains a small amount of serous fluid that allows organs to move freely without friction

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3
Q

What happens if the potential space in the peritoneal cavity becomes an actual space?

A

Becomes an ascite- can fill up with several liters of fluid. woa

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4
Q

Where do vessels tend to travel?

A

between the peritoneal layers

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5
Q

What ligament is associated with the greater omentum?

A

The gastrocolic ligament.

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6
Q

What is the purpose of the gastrocolic ligament?

A

It drapes over the small intestines like an apron- it can wall off infections and inflammation sites

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7
Q

Where are the greater and lesser omentum attached to?

A

Greater omentum is attached to the greater curvature of the stomach
Lesser omentum is attached to the lesser curvature of the stomach

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8
Q

How is the lesser omentum connected to the liver?

A

Hepatogastric ligament connects the liver to the stomach

Hepatoduodenal ligament connects the liver to the duodenum and contains the portal triad

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9
Q

What is the portal triad?

A

It is comprised of the hepatic artery, portal vein, and bile duct

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10
Q

What is the purpose of the mesentary proper?

A

It anchors most of the small intestine to the posterior abdominal wall

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11
Q

What is the duodenum anchored to the abdominal wall by?

A

by the suspensory ligament of Treitz

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12
Q

T/F the suspensory ligament of Treitz is a fibrous ligament?

A

False, it is a fibromuscular ligament.

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13
Q

What is the purpose of the suspensory ligament of Treitz?

A

It keeps the juodenaljejunal junction from sagging

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14
Q

What is the purpose of the mesocolon?

A

It anchors portions of the colon to the posterior abdominal wall.

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15
Q

Do the ascending and descending colon have mesentary?

A

Nope

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16
Q

How is the ascending and descending colon anchored?

A

It is attached directly to the posterior wall

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17
Q

How is the transverse colon anchored?

A

Via the transverse mesocolon

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18
Q

How is the sigmoid colon anchored?

A

Via the sigmoid mesocolon

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19
Q

T/F the rectum is only partly covered with peritoneum?

A

Truth

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20
Q

What does the falciform ligament do?

A
  1. It divides the liver into right and left lobes

2. It anchors the liver to the diaphragm and anterior body wall

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21
Q

The round ligament comes off of what?

A

The falciform ligament

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22
Q

What does the coronary ligament do?

A

It attaches the liver to the inferior surface of the diaphragm

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23
Q

The coronary ligament borders what?

A

The bare area (upper posterior) of the liver

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24
Q

____ covers the fetal urachus

A

1 median umbilical fold

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25
Q

2 medial umbilical folds cover _____

A

the fetal umbilical arteries

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26
Q

2 lateral umbilical folds cover _____

A

the inferior epigastric vessels

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27
Q

Peritoneal pouches are potential spaces in _____ patients.

A

Standing

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28
Q

What are the two peritoneal pouches?

A

Hepatorenal pouch

Rectovesical/retrouterine pouch

29
Q

Clinically speaking, what can accumulate in the peritoneal pouches?

A

pathological fluids

30
Q

What is the hepatorenal pouch bound by? (4 things)

A

the liver, right kidney, colon, and duodenum

31
Q

Which one is more superior, the hepatorenal pouch or rectovesical/rectouterine pouch?

A

the hepatorenal pouch

32
Q

Know how the pouches can drain into each other.

A

Okay

33
Q

Where is the rectovesical/rectouterine pouch located?

A

between the rectum and uterus

34
Q

What is the liver’s job?

A

detoxifies chemical products and produces bile

35
Q

What is the gall bladder’s job?

A

stores bile for emulsification of fats

36
Q

What does the pancreas do?

A

It produces enzymes for digestion

37
Q

What does the spleen do?

A

It produces lymphocytes and filters blood

38
Q

What does the stomach do?

A

It stores food prior to entering the duodenum

39
Q

What does the small intestine do?

A

It is for primary chemical digestion

40
Q

What does the large intestine do?

A

it is secondary for chemical digestion

41
Q

What is the kidney’s job?

A

Filter waste products out of blood

42
Q

What do the adrenal glands do?

A

Cortex that produce steroid hormones and medulla acts as a sympathethic ganglia

43
Q

The gallbladder is attached to what, where?

A

To the inferior surface of the liver

44
Q

The gallbladder receives ___ produced by the liver via bile ducts.

A

bile

45
Q

Bile drains into the _______ through bile ducts.

A

duodenum

46
Q

T/F, right and left hepatic ducts receive bile from right and left lobes of the liver?

A

true

47
Q

The common hepatic duct receives what?

A

Bile via the right and left hepatic ducts

48
Q

T/F the cystic duct is connected to the duodenum?

A

False, it runs into the common hepatic duct

49
Q

The common bile duct receives which ducts?

A

The cystic and common hepatic ducts

50
Q

The common bile duct joins the ___ _______ ___.

A

main pancreatic duct

51
Q

Both the common bile and main pancreatic ducts empty into the ______ ______ _____.

A

Major duodenal papilla

52
Q

What are the 5 regions of the pancreas?

A 
Head
Neck
Body
Tail
Uncinate process
53
Q

Where does the main pancreatic duct enter?

A

The duodenum at the major duodenal papilla

54
Q

T/F the pattern of pancreatic drainage is set.

A

False, it’s variable

55
Q

The spleen has a diaphragmatic surface along which ribs?

A

9-11

56
Q

The celiac trunk supplies which structures?

A

The liver, gallbladder, esophagus, stomach, pancreas, & spleen

57
Q

What are the three main branches of the celiac trunk?

A

The common hepatic
The left gastric
The splenic artery

58
Q

What are the two terminal branches of the common hepatic artery?

A

Proper hepatic

Gastroduodenal

59
Q

What is the course of the proper hepatic artery?

A

As the superior branch of the hepatic artery, it runs towards the liver, medial to the bile duct and then it splits into right and left hepatic arteries

60
Q

What is the inferior branch of the common hepatic artery?

A

The gastroduodenal artery

61
Q

Where does the gastroduodenal artery run toward and what are its branches?

A

The gastroduodenal artery runs towards the junction of the stomach and duodenum.
Two branches:
1. Pancreaticoduodenal artery- supplies pancreas, duodenal
2. Right gastroepiploic- supplies the greater curvature of the stomach

62
Q

The left gastric artery is the ______ branch of the celiac trunk.

A

Superior

63
Q

The left gastric artery runs left towards the ____ ___ ___ ___ ____?

A

Lesser curvature of the stomach

64
Q

What does the left gastric artery supply?

A

the stomach and esophagus (via esophageal branches)

65
Q

The splenic artery runs towards the ____.

A

spleen

66
Q

The splenic artery supplies what two structures?

A

the pancreas and the spleen

67
Q

What arteries supply the greater curvature of the stomach and what are they branches of?

A

The short gastric and the left gastroepiploic arteries are branches of the splenic artery and supply the greater curvature of the stomach

68
Q

T/F, there are many common variations of the hepatic artery.

A

T

69
Q

What does the cystic artery supply?

A

the gall bladder and the cystic duct

GI tract (14 decks)

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