Pelvis and Pelvic Floor Flashcards
There are two regions of the pelvis- what are they and what divides them?
False (greater) pelvis- above the pelvic brim and the true (lesser) pelvis- below the pelvic brim
In the false pelvis, the pelvic inlet is continuous with what?
The abdominal cavity
In the true pelvis, the pelvic inlet is what?
closed off below by the muscular pelvic floor
The pelvic cavity is lined by what?
peritoneum
Inferior to the pelvic inlet, what vertebrae are found?
1 sacrum (5 fused vertebrae) and 2 os coxae (ilium, ischium and pubis)
Know all of the bony landmarks of the pelvis and os coxae
ok
What is the reason for the sexual dimporhpism of the pelvis?
To accommodate for childbirth
What are the differences in the pelvis between men and women? (6)
- Oval pelvic brim in women vs heart shaped pelvic brim in men
- shorter pubic symphysis in women
- much wider pubic arch in women
- more flared iliac wings in women
- ischial tuberosities are further apart in women
- the sacrum is shorter and less curved in women
What does the pubic symphysis do?
it connects the two pubic bones
What does the obturator membrane do?
it closes off the obturator foramen (which is the lower border of obturator canal)
What is the lower border of the lesser sciatic foramen?
The sacrotuberous ligament
What is the lower border of the greater siatic foramen?
The sacrospinous ligmament
Go get a model of a pelvis and study it
you got it
The piriformis muscle acts on which joint and arises from where and passes through which foramen?
Arises from pelvis to act on hip joint. It passes through the greater sciatic foramen
The obturator internus muscle arises from where, acts on what, and passes through which foramen?
Arises in pelvis to act on hip joint. Passes through the lesser sciatic foramen
What is purpose of the pelvic floor?
It separates the pelvic cavity from the perineum
What is the largest component of the pelvic diaphragm?
Levator ani muscles
What are the three levator ani muscles?
Iliococcygeus
Pubococcygeus
Puborectalis
T/F the greater sciatic foramen is seen only below the piriformis muscle?
False- it’s seen above and below the piriformis muscle
The sciatic nerve travels where?
inferior to the piriformis muscle and superior to the sacrospinous ligament
The perineum is made up of two triangles. What are the two triangles between the thigh?
Urogenital triangle and anal triangle
What passes through the urogenital triangle?
Urinary and genital systems
Deep transverse perineal muscles or UG diaphragm
What passes through the anal triangle?
The rectum and anus
Pelvic floor muscles or pelvic diaphragm
What is the role of the ureters?
Transports urine from kidneys to bladder
In males and females, what is the structure that crosses the ureters?
Male- ductus deferens
Female- uterine arteries
What does the urinary bladder do?
It stores urine prior to expulsion through the urethra
What is the smooth muscle of the urinary bladder?
detrusor urinae
The female urethra pierces where?
the anterior portion of the UG diaphragm between the bladder and external urethral orifice
Where is the rectum located?
In the true pelvis, superior to the pelvic floor
The rectum is normally constricted by what?
The puborectal sling
The puborectal sling is made of what?
the u-shaped puborectalis muscle
Where are ovaries housed?
They are encapsulated and housed in the true pelvis
What do ovaries produce?
the ova and female hormones (one ovum released per cycle)
What is the purpose of the uterine/fallopian tubes?
muscular tubes for transport of the ovum to the uterus
What are the three parts of the fallopian tubes?
isthmus, ampulla infindibulum, and fimbriae
The uterus can enlarge how many times during pregnancy?
20 times
T/F the uterus is usually anteverted and at a right angle to the vaginal canal?
True
Does the position of the uterus change depending on the bladder and pregnancy?
yep
The inferior neck of the uterus opens into where?
Opens to vagina as external os and uterus as internal os
What is the vaginal fornix?
Circular gutter surrounding the cervix
Uterine ligaments:
See slide 39- maybe draw or just practice identifying and know their purpose?
T/F the perineum is part of the pelvic diaphragm?
False. It is not
T/F the external sphincter muscles are continuous with deep transverse perineal muscles
truth
As the bladder fills, which way does it expand?
superiorly
Are fallopian tubes muscular or non-muscular tubes?
muscular
The suspensory uterine ligament does what?
It acts like the mesenteric ligaments from earlier lectures
Which uterine ligament anchors the ovary to the uterus?
The ovarian ligament
Which ligament is a continuation of the ovarian ligament?
The round ligament of uterus
