Pelvis and Pelvic Floor

Question 1

There are two regions of the pelvis- what are they and what divides them?

Answer 1

False (greater) pelvis- above the pelvic brim and the true (lesser) pelvis- below the pelvic brim

Question 2

In the false pelvis, the pelvic inlet is continuous with what?

Answer 2

The abdominal cavity

Question 3

In the true pelvis, the pelvic inlet is what?

Answer 3

closed off below by the muscular pelvic floor

Question 4

The pelvic cavity is lined by what?

Answer 4

peritoneum

Question 5

Inferior to the pelvic inlet, what vertebrae are found?

Answer 5

1 sacrum (5 fused vertebrae) and 2 os coxae (ilium, ischium and pubis)

Question 6

Know all of the bony landmarks of the pelvis and os coxae

Answer 6

ok

Question 7

What is the reason for the sexual dimporhpism of the pelvis?

Answer 7

To accommodate for childbirth

Question 8

What are the differences in the pelvis between men and women? (6)

Answer 8

1. Oval pelvic brim in women vs heart shaped pelvic brim in men
2. shorter pubic symphysis in women
3. much wider pubic arch in women
4. more flared iliac wings in women
5. ischial tuberosities are further apart in women
6. the sacrum is shorter and less curved in women

Question 9

What does the pubic symphysis do?

Answer 9

it connects the two pubic bones

Question 10

What does the obturator membrane do?

Answer 10

it closes off the obturator foramen (which is the lower border of obturator canal)

Question 11

What is the lower border of the lesser sciatic foramen?

Answer 11

The sacrotuberous ligament

Question 12

What is the lower border of the greater siatic foramen?

Answer 12

The sacrospinous ligmament

Question 13

Go get a model of a pelvis and study it

Answer 13

you got it

Question 14

The piriformis muscle acts on which joint and arises from where and passes through which foramen?

Answer 14

Arises from pelvis to act on hip joint. It passes through the greater sciatic foramen

Question 15

The obturator internus muscle arises from where, acts on what, and passes through which foramen?

Answer 15

Arises in pelvis to act on hip joint. Passes through the lesser sciatic foramen

Question 16

What is purpose of the pelvic floor?

Answer 16

It separates the pelvic cavity from the perineum

Question 17

What is the largest component of the pelvic diaphragm?

Answer 17

Levator ani muscles

Question 18

What are the three levator ani muscles?

Answer 18

Iliococcygeus
Pubococcygeus
Puborectalis

Question 19

T/F the greater sciatic foramen is seen only below the piriformis muscle?

Answer 19

False- it’s seen above and below the piriformis muscle

Question 20

The sciatic nerve travels where?

Answer 20

inferior to the piriformis muscle and superior to the sacrospinous ligament

Question 21

The perineum is made up of two triangles. What are the two triangles between the thigh?

Answer 21

Urogenital triangle and anal triangle

Question 22

What passes through the urogenital triangle?

Answer 22

Urinary and genital systems

Deep transverse perineal muscles or UG diaphragm

Question 23

What passes through the anal triangle?

Answer 23

The rectum and anus

Pelvic floor muscles or pelvic diaphragm

Question 24

What is the role of the ureters?

Answer 24

Transports urine from kidneys to bladder

Question 25

In males and females, what is the structure that crosses the ureters?

Answer 25

Male- ductus deferens | Female- uterine arteries

Question 26

What does the urinary bladder do?

Answer 26

It stores urine prior to expulsion through the urethra

Question 27

What is the smooth muscle of the urinary bladder?

Answer 27

detrusor urinae

Question 28

The female urethra pierces where?

Answer 28

the anterior portion of the UG diaphragm between the bladder and external urethral orifice

Question 29

Where is the rectum located?

Answer 29

In the true pelvis, superior to the pelvic floor

Question 30

The rectum is normally constricted by what?

Answer 30

The puborectal sling

Question 31

The puborectal sling is made of what?

Answer 31

the u-shaped puborectalis muscle

Question 32

Where are ovaries housed?

Answer 32

They are encapsulated and housed in the true pelvis

Question 33

What do ovaries produce?

Answer 33

the ova and female hormones (one ovum released per cycle)

Question 34

What is the purpose of the uterine/fallopian tubes?

Answer 34

muscular tubes for transport of the ovum to the uterus

Question 35

What are the three parts of the fallopian tubes?

Answer 35

isthmus, ampulla infindibulum, and fimbriae

Question 36

The uterus can enlarge how many times during pregnancy?

Answer 36

20 times

Question 37

T/F the uterus is usually anteverted and at a right angle to the vaginal canal?

Answer 37

True

Question 38

Does the position of the uterus change depending on the bladder and pregnancy?

Answer 38

yep

Question 39

The inferior neck of the uterus opens into where?

Answer 39

Opens to vagina as external os and uterus as internal os

Question 40

What is the vaginal fornix?

Answer 40

Circular gutter surrounding the cervix

Question 41

Uterine ligaments:

Answer 41

See slide 39- maybe draw or just practice identifying and know their purpose?

Question 42

T/F the perineum is part of the pelvic diaphragm?

Answer 42

False. It is not

Question 43

T/F the external sphincter muscles are continuous with deep transverse perineal muscles

Answer 43

truth

Question 44

As the bladder fills, which way does it expand?

Answer 44

superiorly

Question 45

Are fallopian tubes muscular or non-muscular tubes?

Answer 45

muscular

Question 46

The suspensory uterine ligament does what?

Answer 46

It acts like the mesenteric ligaments from earlier lectures

Question 47

Which uterine ligament anchors the ovary to the uterus?

Answer 47

The ovarian ligament

Question 48

Which ligament is a continuation of the ovarian ligament?

Answer 48

The round ligament of uterus