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GI tract > Anterior abdominal wall > Flashcards

Anterior abdominal wall Flashcards

1
Q

What separates the abdominal cavity from the pelvic cavity?

A

The pelvic inlet

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2
Q

T/F the abdominal and pelvic cavities are continuous with each other?

A

Truth

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3
Q

What are the layers of the lateral portion of the abdominal wall from outside to inside?

A

Skin, superficial fascia- fatty layer, superficial fascia- membranous layer, muscular layer, transversalis fascia, extraperitoneal fascia, parietal peritoneum

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4
Q

What muscles are contained in the muscle layer of the anterolateral wall

A

external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominus muscles

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5
Q

What are the layers of the muscles of the anterolateral wall from outside to inside?

A 
External oblique (which continues as an aponeurosis)
Underneath that is the internal oblique muscle
rectus abdominis muscles are deep and on either side of the midline
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6
Q

What is the medial border of the rectus abdominis muscles?

A

The linea alba

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7
Q

What is the rectus sheath made of?

A

An aponeurotic sheath

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8
Q

What does the rectus sheath do?

A

It envelops the rectus abdominus and pyramidalis (pyramidalis might not be seen)

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9
Q

The rectus sheath’s structure/shape is dependent on what other structure?

A

The arcuate line

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10
Q

How is the rectus sheath formed superior to the arcuate line?

A

Anterior layer is formed by the aponeurosis of external oblique and 1/2 of the internal oblique.

The posterior layer is formed by the aponeurosis of 1/2 the external oblique and transversus abdominis and transversalis fascia

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11
Q

How is the rectus sheath formed inferior to the arcuate line?

A

Anterior layer is formed by aponeuroses of EO, IO, TA

Posterior layer formed by transversalis fascia

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12
Q

Where is the median umbilical fold and what does it cover?

A

It is from the urinary bladder to the umbilicus

It covers the median umbilical ligament

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13
Q

The medial umbilical folds cover what and what?

A

Cover the medial umbilical ligaments and occluded portions of the umbilical artery

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14
Q

What do the lateral umbilical folds cover?

A

The inferior epigastric vessels

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15
Q

You should probably go draw the path of the circumflex iliac and epigastric arteries and their veins.

A

yep

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16
Q

Where do the circumflex iliac and epigastric vessels travel?

A

In the superficial fat and fascia

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17
Q

The deep circumflex iliac artery is a branch of what? What does it supply?

A

It is a branch of the external iliac artery

It supplies the inferior lateral abdominal muscles

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18
Q

The inferior epigastric artery is a branch of what? What does it supply? What does it anastomose with?

A

It is a branch of the external iliac artery
It supplies the lower rectus abdominus muscle
It anastomoses with the superior epigastric

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19
Q

The superior epigastric artery is a branch of what? It supplies what? What does it anastomose with?

A

A branch of the internal thoracic (mammary) artery
Supplies the upper rectus abdominus
Anastomoses with inferior epigastric

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20
Q

The musculophrenic vessels are branches of what?

What do they supply?

A

Branches of internal thoracic (mammary)

Supplies upper abdominal muscles and diaphragm

21
Q

T/F, spinal nerves supply the abdominal wall?

A

Truth

22
Q

What level of spinal nerves are involved in the abdominal wall?

A

Ventral rami of T7-L1

23
Q

Which spinal nerves supply the region above the umbilicus?

A

T7-T9

24
Q

Spinal nerve T10 supplies what?

A

the umbilical region

25
Q

Which spinal nerves supply the region below the umbilicus?

A

T11-L1

26
Q

Injury to what spinal nerves predisposes you to developing direct inguinal hernias?

A

T11-L1

27
Q

As the internal thoracic artery descends, it becomes what?

A

The superior epigastric artery medially and the musculophrenic artery laterally

28
Q

What is the dividing line that distinguishes the femoral artery from the iliac artery?

A

The inguinal ligament

29
Q

Where is the inguinal region?

A

Inferior and lateral to the abdominal region
Superior to the thigh
Medial to ilium
Lateral to pubic bone

30
Q

The inguinal ligament is the folded inferior border of the aponeurosis of which muscle?

A

The external oblique

31
Q

The inguinal ligament extends from where to where?

A

From the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) to the pubic tubercle

32
Q

T/F the inguinal canal runs parallel and inferior to the inguinal ligament?

A

False, parallel and superior to the inguinal ligament

33
Q

What important structure present only in males is found in the inguinal canal?

A 
The spermatic cord and its contents (vas deferens, testicular nerves and vessels, cremasteric muscle and fascia)
Ilioinguinal nerve (L1)
34
Q

The female inguinal canal contains what?

A 
The round ligament of uterus (in males it would be the spermatic cord)
Ilioinguinal nerve (L1)
35
Q

The inguinal canal extends between two openings. What are they?

A

Superficial and deep inguinal canal rings

36
Q

Where is the superficial inguinal canal ring found?

A

it’s an obvious triangular opening in the external oblique aponeurosis lateral to the pubic tubercle

37
Q

Where is the deep inguinal canal ring found?

A

It is a subtle piercing in the transversalis fascia just lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels

38
Q

Where are the deep and superficial inguinal canal rings in relation to each other?

A

The superficial inguinal canal ring is more superficial, more inferior, and more medial than the deep inguinal canal ring

39
Q

For the inguinal canal, what is the anterior wall?

A

The external oblique aponeurosis

40
Q

For the inguinal canal, what is the posterior wall?

A

the transversalis fascia and conjoint tendon (which is the fusion of the internal oblique and transversus abdominus aponeurosis medially)

41
Q

For the inguinal canal, what is the roof?

A

Internal oblique and transversus abdominus muscles

42
Q

For the inguinal canal, what is the floor?

A

The inguinal ligament

43
Q

Describe an abdominal hernia.

A

An outpouching of abdominal viscera within a sac

44
Q

A hernial sac is composed of 3 layers- what are they?

A

Just remember, you’ve got a PET hernia-
Peritoneum
Extraperitoneal fat
Transversalis fascia

45
Q

Where do most hernias occur?

A

In the inguinal region ~ 90%

46
Q

What is an indirect inguinal hernia?

A

It is one that extends through the entire inguinal canal that often enters the scrotum or labia majora (more common in men)

47
Q

What is Hesselbach’s triangle (inguinal triangle)?

A

The triangle is made between the inferior epigastric artery, the rectus abdominus muscle and the inguinal ligament

48
Q

Where does a direct inguinal hernia emerge?

A

It emerges through the conjoint tendon by or at the superficial ring (usually doesn’t enter the scrotum or labia major and is more common in men)

49
Q

Which type of hernia is most common in women?

A

The femoral hernia

GI tract (14 decks)

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