Urinary System Chapter 14

Question 1

The urinary system has two principal functions: excreting _____ and regulating the composition of _____.

Answer 1

wastes, blood

Question 2

the right kidney lies slightly _____ than the left kidney because the large right lobe of the _____ pushes it ______.

Answer 2

Lower, liver, inferiorly

Question 3

the kidneys move with respiration; on deep inspiration, both kidneys move ______ approximately 1 inch.

Answer 3

downward

Question 4

Within the hilus of the kidney are other _____ structures, a ureter, and the _______

Answer 4

vascular, lymphatics

Question 5

A fibrous capsule called the ______ surrounds the kidney.

Answer 5

true capsule

Question 6

Outside of this fibrous capsule is a covering of _______

Answer 6

perinephric fat

Question 7

The _____ fascia surrounds the perinephric fat and encloses the kidneys and adrenal glands.

Answer 7

perinephric

Question 8

The renal fascia, known as ______fascia, surrounds the true capsule and perinephric fat.

Answer 8

Gerota’s

Question 9

The medullary substance consists of a series of striated conical masses, called the renal _____

Answer 9

pyramids

Question 10

A nephron consists of two main structures, a renal _____ and a renal _____

Answer 10

corpuscle, tubule

Question 11

Nephrons ____ the blood and produce _____

Answer 11

blood, urine

Question 12

The renal corpusle consists of a network of capillaries, called the _____, which is surrounded by a cuplike structure known as ________

Answer 12

glomerulus, Bowman’s capsule

Question 13

Blood flow into the glomerulus through a small ______ arteriole and leaves the golmerulus through a(n) _______ arteriole.

Answer 13

afferent, efferent

Question 14

There are three constrictions along the ureter’s course (1) _______,(2) ______,and (3) ________

Answer 14

1. Where the ureter leaves the renal pelvis,
2. Where it is kinked as it crosses the pelvic brim
3. where it pierces the bladder wall

Question 15

The main renal artery is a lateral branch of the aorta and arises just inferior to the ________ artery.

Answer 15

superior mesenteric

Question 16

The renal vein drains into the ______ of the inferior vena cava.

Answer 16

lateral wall

Question 17

The urinary system is located posterior to the peritoneum lining and the abdominal cavity in an area called the ______

Answer 17

retroperitoneum

Question 18

The kidneys adjust the amounts of _____ and ______ leaving the body so that these equal the amounts of substances entering the body.

Answer 18

water. electrolytes

Question 19

The principle metabolic waste products are ____, _____ and nitrogenous wastes.

Answer 19

water, carbon dioxide

Question 20

Both urea and uric acid are carried away from the liver into the kidneys by the ______ system.

Answer 20

vascular

Question 21

The presence of an acute infection causes _____, which is ____ in the urine; pyuria means there is _____ in the urine.

Answer 21

hematuria, RBC, pus

Question 22

The pH refers to the strength of the urine as a partly ____ or _____ solution.

Answer 22

acidic, alkaline

Question 23

The ________ is the measurement of the kidney’s ability to concentrate urine.

Answer 23

specific gravity

Question 24

The specific gravity is especially ______ in cases of renal failure, glomerular nephritis, and pyelonephritis

Answer 24

low

Question 25

A decreased ______ occurs with acute hemorrhagic processes secondary to disease or blunt trauma.

Answer 25

hematocrit

Question 26

Impairment of renal function and increased protein catabolism results in BUN _____ that is relative to the degree of renal impairment and rate of urea nitrogen excreted by the kidneys.

Answer 26

elevation

Question 27

The renal parenchyma surrounds the fatty central renal sinus, which contains these five structures:

Answer 27

calyces, infundibula, pelvis, vessels, and lymphatics

Question 28

Dilation of the collecting system has also been noted in ____ patients, especially the right kidney.

Answer 28

pregnant

Question 29

The ________ and _______ arteries are best demonstrated as intense specular echos in cross section or oblique section at the corticomedullary junction.

Answer 29

arcuate arteries, interlobar

Question 30

The ______is the area from the renal sinus to the outer renal surface.

Answer 30

parenchyma

Question 31

The _____ generally is echo producing, whereas the meduallary pyramids are ______

Answer 31

cortex, hypoechoic

Question 32

The cortex and medullary pyramids are separated from each other by bands of cortical tissue, called ________, that extend inward to the renal sinus.

Answer 32

column’s of Bertin

Question 33

The ____ lie posterior to the renal arteries and should be identified by their lack of pulsations and absence of Doppler flow.

Answer 33

Crura

Question 34

The ____ of the pyramids points towards the sinus, and the _____ lies adjacent to the renal cortex.

Answer 34

Apex, base

Question 35

The ________ is a cortical bulge that occurs on the lateral border of the kidney, typically more on the left side

Answer 35

dromedary hump

Question 36

A(n) _______ is a triangular, echogenic area in the upper pole of the renal parenchyma that can be seen during normal scanning.

Answer 36

junctional parenchymal defect

Question 37

In a patient with a(n) _______, there is fusion of the kidneys during fetal development that almost invariably involves the _____ poles.

Answer 37

horseshoe kidney, lower

Question 38

A cystlike enlargment of the lower end of the ureter is called _______

Answer 38

ureterocele