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Sonography > Chapter 13 Gastrointestinal Tract Key Terms > Flashcards

Chapter 13 Gastrointestinal Tract Key Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Localized collection of pus surrounded by inflamed tissue.

A

abscess

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2
Q

process of nutrient molecules passing through wall of intestine into blood or lymph system.

A

absorption

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3
Q

also known as the digestive tract; includes the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, duodenum, and small and large intestine.

A

alimentary tract

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4
Q

a fecalith or calcification located in the appendix

A

appendicolith

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5
Q

accumulation of serous fluid in the abdomen

A

ascites

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6
Q

entrance of the esophagus into the stomach

A

cardiac orifice

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7
Q

hormone secreted into the blood by the mucosa of the upper small intestine; stimulates contraction of the gallbladder and pancreatic secretion of enzymes

A

cholecystokinin

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8
Q

inflammation of the bowl, accompanied by abscess and bowl wall thickining

A

Crohn’s disease

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9
Q

a pouchlike herniation through the muscular wall of a tubular organ that occurs in the stomach, the small intestine, or most commonly, the colon

A

diverticulum

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10
Q

first part of the duodenum

A

duodenal bulb

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11
Q

calcified deposit within the appendix; appendicitis can develop when the appendix becomes blocked by hard fecal matter

A

fecalith

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12
Q

endocrine hormone released from the stomach (stimulates secretion of gastric acid)

A

gastrin

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13
Q

helps support the lesser curvature of the stomach

A

gastrohepatic ligament

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14
Q

helps support the greater curvature of the stomach

A

gastrophrenic ligament

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15
Q

ligament between the stomach and the spleen; helps support the stomach and spleen

A

gastrosplenic ligament

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16
Q

double fold of the peritoneum attached to the duodenum, stomach, and large intestine; helps support the greater curve of the stomach; known as the fatty apron

A

greater omentum

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17
Q

normal segmentation of the wall of the colon

A

haustra

18
Q

collection of blood

A

hemorrhage

19
Q

ascending colon rises from the right lower quadrant to bend at this point to form the transverse colon

A

hepatic flexure

20
Q

membranous extension of the peritoneum that suspends the stomach and duodenum from the liver; helps to support the lesser curvature of the stomach

A

lesser omentum

21
Q

ligament between the spleen and the kidney that helps support the greater curvature of the stomach

A

lienorenal ligament

22
Q

malignancy of the lymph nodes, spleen, or liver

A

lymphoma

23
Q

located by drawling a line from the right anterosuperior iliac spine to the umbilicus; at approximately the midpoint of this line lies the root of the appendix

A

McBurney’s point

24
Q

site of maximum tenderness in the right lower quadrant; usually seen with appendicitis

A

McBurney’s sign

25
Q

congenital sac or blind pouch found in the lower portion of the ileum

A

Meckel’s diverticulum

26
Q

a fold from the parietal peritoneum that attaches to the small intestine, anchoring it to the posterior abdominal wall

A

mesentery

27
Q

fifth layer of bowel

A

mesothelium

28
Q

first layer of bowel

A

mucosa

29
Q

third layer of bowel

A

muscularis

30
Q

dilated fluid-filled bowel loops without peristalsis

A

paralytic ileus

31
Q

rhythmic dilation and contraction of the gastrointestinal tract as food is propelled through it

A

peristalsis

32
Q

a small tumor-like growth that projects from a mucous membrane surface

A

polyp

33
Q

muscle that connects the stomach to the proximal duodenum

A

pyloric canal

34
Q

inner folds of the stomach wall

A

rugae

35
Q

released from small bowel as antacid; stimulates secretion of bicarbonate

A

secretin

36
Q

forth layer of bowel; thin, loose layer of connective tissue, surrounded by mesothelium covering the intraperitoneal bowl loops

A

serosa

37
Q

the transverse colon travels horizontally across the abdomen and bends at this point to form the descending colon

A

splenic flexure

38
Q

one of the layers of the bowl, under the mucosal layer, contains blood vessels and lymph channels

A

submucosa

39
Q

characteristic of gastrointestinal wall thickening consisting of an echogenic center and a hypoechoic rim

A

target sign

40
Q

normal segmentation of the small bowel

A

valvulae conniventes

41
Q

inner folds of the small intestine

A

villi

Sonography (29 decks)

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