Chapter 13 Gastrointestinal Tract Key Terms Flashcards
Localized collection of pus surrounded by inflamed tissue.
abscess
process of nutrient molecules passing through wall of intestine into blood or lymph system.
absorption
also known as the digestive tract; includes the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, duodenum, and small and large intestine.
alimentary tract
a fecalith or calcification located in the appendix
appendicolith
accumulation of serous fluid in the abdomen
ascites
entrance of the esophagus into the stomach
cardiac orifice
hormone secreted into the blood by the mucosa of the upper small intestine; stimulates contraction of the gallbladder and pancreatic secretion of enzymes
cholecystokinin
inflammation of the bowl, accompanied by abscess and bowl wall thickining
Crohn’s disease
a pouchlike herniation through the muscular wall of a tubular organ that occurs in the stomach, the small intestine, or most commonly, the colon
diverticulum
first part of the duodenum
duodenal bulb
calcified deposit within the appendix; appendicitis can develop when the appendix becomes blocked by hard fecal matter
fecalith
endocrine hormone released from the stomach (stimulates secretion of gastric acid)
gastrin
helps support the lesser curvature of the stomach
gastrohepatic ligament
helps support the greater curvature of the stomach
gastrophrenic ligament
ligament between the stomach and the spleen; helps support the stomach and spleen
gastrosplenic ligament
double fold of the peritoneum attached to the duodenum, stomach, and large intestine; helps support the greater curve of the stomach; known as the fatty apron
greater omentum
normal segmentation of the wall of the colon
haustra
collection of blood
hemorrhage
ascending colon rises from the right lower quadrant to bend at this point to form the transverse colon
hepatic flexure
membranous extension of the peritoneum that suspends the stomach and duodenum from the liver; helps to support the lesser curvature of the stomach
lesser omentum
ligament between the spleen and the kidney that helps support the greater curvature of the stomach
lienorenal ligament
malignancy of the lymph nodes, spleen, or liver
lymphoma
located by drawling a line from the right anterosuperior iliac spine to the umbilicus; at approximately the midpoint of this line lies the root of the appendix
McBurney’s point
site of maximum tenderness in the right lower quadrant; usually seen with appendicitis
McBurney’s sign
congenital sac or blind pouch found in the lower portion of the ileum
Meckel’s diverticulum
a fold from the parietal peritoneum that attaches to the small intestine, anchoring it to the posterior abdominal wall
mesentery
fifth layer of bowel
mesothelium
first layer of bowel
mucosa
third layer of bowel
muscularis
dilated fluid-filled bowel loops without peristalsis
paralytic ileus
rhythmic dilation and contraction of the gastrointestinal tract as food is propelled through it
peristalsis
a small tumor-like growth that projects from a mucous membrane surface
polyp
muscle that connects the stomach to the proximal duodenum
pyloric canal
inner folds of the stomach wall
rugae
released from small bowel as antacid; stimulates secretion of bicarbonate
secretin
forth layer of bowel; thin, loose layer of connective tissue, surrounded by mesothelium covering the intraperitoneal bowl loops
serosa
the transverse colon travels horizontally across the abdomen and bends at this point to form the descending colon
splenic flexure
one of the layers of the bowl, under the mucosal layer, contains blood vessels and lymph channels
submucosa
characteristic of gastrointestinal wall thickening consisting of an echogenic center and a hypoechoic rim
target sign
normal segmentation of the small bowel
valvulae conniventes
inner folds of the small intestine
villi
