Gallbladder and the Biliary System Flashcards
The gallbladder serves as a reservoir for ______ that is drained from the hepatic ducts in the liver.
Bile
The common hepatic duct is joined by the cystic duct to form the ______ duct.
common bile
The main pancreatic duct joins the common bile duct, and together they open through a small ampulla (the ampulla of ______) into the duodenal wall.
vater
The end parts of the common bile duct and main pancreatic duct and the ampulla are surrounded by circular muscle fibers known as the ________
sphincter of oddi
The arterial supply of the gallbladder is from the _____ artery, which is a branch of the right hepatic artery.
cystic
List the two primary functions of the extrahepatic biliary tract.
- transportation of bile from the liver to the intestines
2. regulation of its flow
Bile is the principle medium for excretion of bilirubin _______.
Cholesterol
The ________ from the small intestine stimulate the liver to make more bile. This activates intestinal and pancreatic enzymes.
bile salts
The sign that indicates an extrahepatic mass compressing the common bile duct, which can produce an enlarged gallbladder, is called _________
courvoisier’s sign
Sonography, the common duct lies _______ and to the _____ of the portal vein in the region of the porta hepatis and gastrohepatic ligament.
anterior, right
The hepatic artery lies _______ and to the ________ of the portal vein.
anterior, left
To ensure maximum dilation of the gallbladder, the patient should be giver nothing to eat for at least _____hours before the ultrasound exam.
8-12
The patient is initially examined with ultrasound in full______inspiration.
inspiration
The patient should also be rolled into a steep _______ or upright position (to ensure there are no stones within the gallbladder) in attempt to separate small stones from the gallbladder wall or cystic duct.
decubitus
The gallbladder may be identified as a _______ oblong structure located anterior to the right kidney, lateral to the head of the pancreas and duodenum.
Sonolucent
The gallbladder commonly resides in a(n) _____ on the medial aspect of the liver.
fossa
Because of ________ tissue within the main lobar fissure of the liver (which lies between the gallbladder and the right portal vein), this bright linear reflector is a reliable indicator of the location of the gallbladder.
fat or fibrous
A small _______ fold has been reported to occur along the posterior wall of the gallbladder at the junction of the body and infundibulum.
echogenic
On a transverse scan, the common duct, hepatic artery, and portal vein have been referred to as the ________ sign.
mickey mouse
To obtain a cross section of the portal triad, the transducer must be directed in a slightly ______ path from the left shoulder to the right hip.
oblique
On sagittal scans, the right branch of the hepatic artery usually passes ______ to the common duct.
posterior
The common duct is seen just _____ to the portal vein before it dips posterior to enter the head of the pancreas.
anterior
When the right subcostal approach is used, the common hepatic duct is seen as a tubular structure anterior to the portal vein. The right branch of the _______ artery can be seen between the duct and the portal vein as a small circular structure.
hepatic
