Gallbladder and the Biliary System

Question 1

The gallbladder serves as a reservoir for ______ that is drained from the hepatic ducts in the liver.

Answer 1

Bile

Question 2

The common hepatic duct is joined by the cystic duct to form the ______ duct.

Answer 2

common bile

Question 3

The main pancreatic duct joins the common bile duct, and together they open through a small ampulla (the ampulla of ______) into the duodenal wall.

Answer 3

vater

Question 4

The end parts of the common bile duct and main pancreatic duct and the ampulla are surrounded by circular muscle fibers known as the ________

Answer 4

sphincter of oddi

Question 5

The arterial supply of the gallbladder is from the _____ artery, which is a branch of the right hepatic artery.

Answer 5

cystic

Question 6

List the two primary functions of the extrahepatic biliary tract.

Answer 6

1. transportation of bile from the liver to the intestines

2. regulation of its flow

Question 7

Bile is the principle medium for excretion of bilirubin _______.

Answer 7

Cholesterol

Question 8

The ________ from the small intestine stimulate the liver to make more bile. This activates intestinal and pancreatic enzymes.

Answer 8

bile salts

Question 9

The sign that indicates an extrahepatic mass compressing the common bile duct, which can produce an enlarged gallbladder, is called _________

Answer 9

courvoisier’s sign

Question 10

Sonography, the common duct lies _______ and to the _____ of the portal vein in the region of the porta hepatis and gastrohepatic ligament.

Answer 10

anterior, right

Question 11

The hepatic artery lies _______ and to the ________ of the portal vein.

Answer 11

anterior, left

Question 12

To ensure maximum dilation of the gallbladder, the patient should be giver nothing to eat for at least _____hours before the ultrasound exam.

Answer 12

8-12

Question 13

The patient is initially examined with ultrasound in full______inspiration.

Answer 13

inspiration

Question 14

The patient should also be rolled into a steep _______ or upright position (to ensure there are no stones within the gallbladder) in attempt to separate small stones from the gallbladder wall or cystic duct.

Answer 14

decubitus

Question 15

The gallbladder may be identified as a _______ oblong structure located anterior to the right kidney, lateral to the head of the pancreas and duodenum.

Answer 15

Sonolucent

Question 16

The gallbladder commonly resides in a(n) _____ on the medial aspect of the liver.

Answer 16

fossa

Question 17

Because of ________ tissue within the main lobar fissure of the liver (which lies between the gallbladder and the right portal vein), this bright linear reflector is a reliable indicator of the location of the gallbladder.

Answer 17

fat or fibrous

Question 18

A small _______ fold has been reported to occur along the posterior wall of the gallbladder at the junction of the body and infundibulum.

Answer 18

echogenic

Question 19

On a transverse scan, the common duct, hepatic artery, and portal vein have been referred to as the ________ sign.

Answer 19

mickey mouse

Question 20

To obtain a cross section of the portal triad, the transducer must be directed in a slightly ______ path from the left shoulder to the right hip.

Answer 20

oblique

Question 21

On sagittal scans, the right branch of the hepatic artery usually passes ______ to the common duct.

Answer 21

posterior

Question 22

The common duct is seen just _____ to the portal vein before it dips posterior to enter the head of the pancreas.

Answer 22

anterior

Question 23

When the right subcostal approach is used, the common hepatic duct is seen as a tubular structure anterior to the portal vein. The right branch of the _______ artery can be seen between the duct and the portal vein as a small circular structure.

Answer 23

hepatic