Chapter 41 Pathology of the Uterus

Question 1

The most common finding, seen frequently in middle aged woman, is the presence of ______________.

Answer 1

Nabothian Cysts

Question 2

Clinical findings of irregular bleeding may be the result of _______, a condition that arises from the hyperplastic protrusion of the eipthelium of the endocervix or ectocervix.

Answer 2

cervical polyps

Question 3

An acquired condition with obstruction of the cervical canal at the internal or external os resulting from radiation therapy, previous cone biopsy, postmenopausal cervical atrophy, chronic infection, laser surgery, or cryosurgery, or cervical carcinoma is __________.

Answer 3

cervical stenosis

Question 4

A vaginal _______ is seen in hysterectomy patients after surgery.

Answer 4

cuff

Question 5

The most common cystic lesion of the vagina is the _________ cyst; it usually is found incidentally during sonographic examination.

Answer 5

Gartner’s Duct

Question 6

The most common congenital abnormality of the female genital tract is a(n) ___________, resulting in obstruction.

Answer 6

imperforate hymen

Question 7

The benign tumor called a _______ is the most common gynecologic tumor, occurring in approximately 20% to 30% of women over the age of 30 with a higher incidence in African American women.

Answer 7

leiomyoma

Question 8

Myomas are ________ dependent and may increase in size during pregnancy, although about one half of all myomas show little change during pregnancy.

Answer 8

estrogen

Question 9

Leiomyomas are characterized as ________ (displacing or distorting the endometrial cavity with subsequent irregular or heavy menstrual bleeding), _________(confined to the myometrium, the lost common type), or ________ (projecting from the peritoneal surface of the uterus, sometimes becoming pedunculated and appearing as extrauterine masses).

Answer 9

submucosal, intramural, subserosal

Question 10

________ myomas may erode into the endometrial cavity and cause irregular or heavy bleeding, which may lead to anemia.

Answer 10

submucosal

Question 11

The earliest sonographic findings of _______ shows uterine enlargement with a heterogenous texture and contour distortion along the interface between the uterus and the bladder.

Answer 11

myomas

Question 12

The most common cause of uterine calcification is ______ ; a less common cause is _______ artery calcification in the periphery of the uterus.

Answer 12

myomas, arcuate

Question 13

The ectopic occurrence of nests of endometrial tissue within the myometrium is __________ and is more extensive in the the posterior wall.

Answer 13

adenomyosis

Question 14

Uterine ______malformations (AVMs) consist of a vascular plexus of arteries and veins without an intervening capillary network.

Answer 14

arteriovenous

Question 15

The most common cause of abnormal uterine bleeding in both premenopausal and postmenopausal women that develops from unopposed estrogen stimulation is ________

Answer 15

endometrial hyperplasia

Question 16

Ideally women using _____hormones should be studied at the beginning or end of her hormone cycle, when the endometrium is theoretically at its thinnest.

Answer 16

sequential

Question 17

Sonographically, _______ appear toward the end of the luteal phase and are represented by a hyopechoic region within the hyperechoic endometrium.

Answer 17

polyps

Question 18

_________ most often occurs in association with PID, in the postpartum state, or following instrumentation invasion.

Answer 18

endometritis

Question 19

Intrauterine ______ (endometrial adhesions, Asherman’s syndrome) are found in women with post-traumatic or postsurgical histories, including uterine curettage.

Answer 19

synechiae

Question 20

The earliest change associated with ________ is a thickened endometrium; it is also associated with endometrial hypertrophy and polyps.

Answer 20

endometrial carcinoma

Question 21

Sonogrpahically, a thickened endometrium (greater than 4 to 5mm) must be considered _______ until proved otherwise.

Answer 21

cancer

Question 22

The _________ device appears as highly echogenic liner structures in the endometrial cavity wihtin the uterine body that are separate from normal, central endometrial echos.

Answer 22

intrauterine contraceptive