Chapter 39 Female Pelvis- Fill in the Blank

Question 1

The anterior cul-de-sac, or _______ pouch, is located anterior to the fundus of the uterus between the urinary bladder and the uterus.

Answer 1

vesicouterine

Question 2

The posterior cul-de-sac, or _______ pouch, is located posterior to the uterus between the aterus and the rectum.

Answer 2

rectouterine

Question 3

The rectouterine pouch is often referred to as the pouch of _____ and is normally the most inferior and most posterior region of the peritoneal cavity.

Answer 3

Douglas

Question 4

An additional sonographically significant area is the retropubic space, which is also called the space of _______.

Answer 4

retzius

Question 5

The retropubic space normally can be identified between the _____ bladder wall and the pubic symphysis.

Answer 5

anterior

Question 6

The retropubic space normally contains subcutaneous fat, but a hematoma or abscess in this location may displace the urinary bladder _______.

Answer 6

posteriorly

Question 7

The greatest quantity of free fluid in the cul-de-sac normally occurs immediately following ________ when the mature follicle ruptures.

Answer 7

ovulation

Question 8

The average menstrual cycle is approximately ____ days in length, beginning with the first day of menstrual bleeding.

Answer 8

28

Question 9

The menstrual cycle is regulated by the _______ and is dependent upon the cyclic release of estrogen and progesterone from the ovaries.

Answer 9

hypothalamus

Question 10

During the menarchal years a(n) ______ is released once a month by one of the two ovaries in a process known as ovulation

Answer 10

ovum

Question 11

Ovulation normally occurs midcycle on about day ____ of a 28 day cycle.

Answer 11

14

Question 12

Secretion of the _______ by the anterior pituitary gland causes the ovarian follicles to develop during the first half of menstrual cycle.

Answer 12

follicle-stimulating hormone

Question 13

This phase of the ovulatory cycle, known as the _______ phase, begins with the first day of menstrual bleeding and continues until ovulation on day 14.

Answer 13

follicular

Question 14

The _______ hormone level will typically increase rapidly 24 to 36 hours before ovulation in a process known as the LH surge.

Answer 14

luteunizing

Question 15

Cells in the lining of the ruptured ovarian follicle begin to multiply and create the corpus luteum, or yellow body, during the _____ phase.

Answer 15

luteal

Question 16

The phase of endometrial regeneration is called the _______ phase and will last until luteninization of the graafian follicle around ovulation.

Answer 16

proliferative

Question 17

The endometrial phase after ovulation is referred to as the ______ phase and extends from approximately day 15 to the onset of menses (day 28). The secretory phase of the endometrial cycle corresponds to the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle.

Answer 17

secretory

Question 18

The approach that requires a full urinary bladder for use as an “acoustic window” and typically necessitates the use of a 3.5-to 5-MHz transducer for adequate penetration is the ______ approach.

Answer 18

transabdominal

Question 19

A _______ examination is performed with an empty bladder and allows the use of a higher-frequency transducer, typically 7.5 to 10MHz.

Answer 19

transvaginal

Question 20

The transabdominal scan offers a _____ field of view for general screening of the pelvic anatomy.

Answer 20

wider

Question 21

When a transabdominal scanning technique is used, a _______ urinary bladder is essential.

Answer 21

distended

Question 22

The _____ are folds of skin at the opening of the vagina; the labia _____ is the thicker external folds, and the _____ consists of thin folds of skin between the labia majora.

Answer 22

labia, majora, minora

Question 23

The ______ bones make up the anterior and lateral margins of the bony pelvis; the _____ and _____ form the posterior wall.

Answer 23

innominate, sacrum, coccyx

Question 24

The margins of the posterolateral wall of the true pelvis are formed by the ______ and ______ muscles.

Answer 24

piriformis, coccygeus

Question 25

The anterolateral walls of the of the pelvic cavity are formed by the hip bones and the ________ muscles that rim the ischium and pubis.

Answer 25

obturator internus

Question 26

The lower margin of the pelvic cavity, the pelvic floor, is formed by the _____ and ______ muscles and is known as the pelvic diaphragm.

Answer 26

levator ani, coccygeus

Question 27

The area below the pelvic floor is the ______.

Answer 27

perineum

Question 28

The muscles of the false pelvis include the _____ major and______ muscles.

Answer 28

psoas, iliacus

Question 29

The muscles that arise from the lower part of the pubic symphysis and surround the lower part of the rectum, forming a sling, are the _______ muscles.

Answer 29

puborectalis

Question 30

A collapsed muscular tube that extends from the external genitalia to the cervix of the uterus is the _______

Answer 30

vagina

Question 31

The cervix lies ______ to the urinary bladder and urethra and _____to the rectum and anus.

Answer 31

posterior, anterior

Question 32

The largest organ in the normal female pelvis when the urinary bladder is empty is the _______

Answer 32

uterus

Question 33

At the lateral borders of the uterine fundus are the _______, where the fallopian tube enter the uterine cavity.

Answer 33

cornua

Question 34

The cervix is constricted at its upper end by the -________ os and its lower end by the _______ os.

Answer 34

internal, external

Question 35

The point where the uterus bends anteriorly (anteversion) or posteriorly (retroversion) with an empty bladder is the ______

Answer 35

isthmus

Question 36

The uterine wall consists of three histologic layers: the ______, the _______, and the _________

Answer 36

perimetrium, myometrium, endometrium

Question 37

The endometrium consists primarily of two layers: the superficial layer (zona _______) and the deep basal layer (zona ________)

Answer 37

functionalis, basalis

Question 38

The uterus is supported in its midline position by paired _____ ligaments, _____ ligaments, _______ ligaments, and _______ligaments.

Answer 38

broad, round, uterosacral, cardinal

Question 39

The average uterine position is considered to be ______ and _______.

Answer 39

anteverted, anteflexed

Question 40

The _______ are contained in the upper margin of the broad ligament and extend from the uterine cornea of the uterus laterally where they curve over the ovary.

Answer 40

fallopian tubes

Question 41

The fallopian tubes are divided into four anatomic portions: the ________ (lateral segment), _______ (middle segment), _______(medial segment), and ________ portions (segments that passes through the uterine cornua)

Answer 41

infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus, interstitial

Question 42

The ______ is often referred to as the fimbriated end of the fallopian tube because it contains fringelike extensions, called fimbriae, which mover over the ovary directing the ovum into the fallopian tube after ovulation.

Answer 42

infundibulum

Question 43

The ovaries are usually located ______ to the external iliac vessels and ______ to the internal iliac vessels and ureter,

Answer 43

medial, anterior

Question 44

The cortex of the ovary consists primarily of follicles in varying stages of development and is covered by a layer of dense connective tissue, the ______

Answer 44

tunica albuginea

Question 45

The central _____ is composed of connective tissue containing blood, nerves, lymphatic vessels, and some smooth muscle at the region of the hilum.

Answer 45

medulla

Question 46

The ovaries produce the reproductive cell, the ovum, an two known hormones: ______, secreted by the follicles, and _______, secreted by the corpus luteum.

Answer 46

estrogen, progestrone

Question 47

The common _____ arteries course anterior and medial to the psoas muscles, providing blood to the pelvic cavity and lower extremities.

Answer 47

iliac

Question 48

The ______ iliac arteries extend pelvic cavity along the posterior wall and provide multiple branches that perfuse the pelvic structures to include the urinary bladder, uterus, vagina, and rectum.

Answer 48

internal

Question 49

The _____ arteries extend through the myometrium to the base of the endometrium, where straight and spiral arteries branch off the radial arteries to supply the zona basalis of the endometrium

Answer 49

radial

Question 50

The _____ arteries will lengthen during regeneratiom of the endometrium after menses to traverse the endometrium and supply the zona functionalis.

Answer 50

spiral