Chapter 10 Liver

Question 1

A congenital variant, ______ , can sometimes be seen as an anterior projection of the liver and may extend inferiorly as far as the iliac crest.

Answer 1

Riedel’s lobe

Question 2

The liver is covered by a thin connective tissue layer called _______ capsule.

Answer 2

Glisson’s

Question 3

The _______ fissure is the boundary between the right and left lobes of the liver.

Answer 3

main lobar

Question 4

The _____ligament extends from the umbilicus to the diaphragm in a parasagittal plane and contains the ligamentum teres.

Answer 4

Falciform

Question 5

The _____ appears as a bright echogenic focus on the sonogram and is seen as the rounded termination of the falciform ligament.

Answer 5

Ligamentum teres

Question 6

The fissure for the _________ separates the left lobe from the caudate lobe.

Answer 6

Ligamentum venosum

Question 7

The hepatic veins are divided into three components: ______, _______, and ______

Answer 7

Right, middle, left

Question 8

The liver is a major center of ________ , which may be defined as the physical and chemical process whereby foodstuffs are synthesized into complex elements.

Answer 8

metabolism

Question 9

Through the process of ______ , the liver expels these waste products from the body via its excretory product, bile, which also plays an important role in fat absorption.

Answer 9

digestion

Question 10

A pigment released when the red blood cells are broken down is _______.

Answer 10

bilirubin

Question 11

The liver is a(n) _______ site for several compounds used in a variety of physiologic activities throughout the body.

Answer 11

storage

Question 12

The liver is also a center for ________ of the waste products of metabolism accumulated from other sources in the body and foreign chemicals that enter the body.

Answer 12

detoxification

Question 13

Diseases affecting the liver may be classified as _______ when the liver cells or hepatocytes are the immediate problem; or ________ when bile excretion is blocked.

Answer 13

hepatocellular, obstructive

Question 14

Raw materials in the form of ________, _______, and _______ are absorbed from the intestine and transported to the liver via the circulatory system.

Answer 14

Carbohydrates, fats, amino acids

Question 15

Sugars may be absorbed from the blood in several forms, but only ______ can be used by cells throughout the body as a source of energy.

Answer 15

glucose

Question 16

Dietary fats are converted in the hepatocytes to ________, in which form fats are transported throughout the body to sites where they are used by other organs or stored.

Answer 16

lipoproteins

Question 17

The accompanying loss of oncotic pressure is the vascular system allows fulid to migrate into the interstitial space, resulting in ______ in dependent areas.

Answer 17

edema

Question 18

Because the liver is a major center of metabolism, large quantities of ______ are present in the hepatocytes, and these leak into the bloodstream when the liver cells are damaged or destroyed by disease.

Answer 18

enzymes

Question 19

In severe hepatocellular destruction, such as acute viral or toxic hepatitis, striking levels of _____ and _____ may be seen.

Answer 19

AST, ALT

Question 20

Marked elevation of _________ is typically associated with biliary obstruction or the presence of mass lesions in the liver.

Answer 20

alkaline phosphate

Question 21

Hemoglobin released from the red blood cells in converted to _______ within the reticuloendothelial system and is then released into the bloodstream.

Answer 21

bilirubin

Question 22

Elevation of serum bilirubin results in _______, which is a yellow coloration of the skin, sclerae and body secretions.

Answer 22

jaundice

Question 23

ligaments and fissures found within the hepatic paranchyma…

Answer 23

gilsson’s capsule, main lobar fissure, falciform ligament, ligamentum teres, and ligamentum venosum.

Question 24

List the seven liver function tests established to analyze how the liver is performing under normal and diseased conditions.

Answer 24

AST, ALT, alkaline phosphate; bilibrubin; prothrombin time; albumin and globulins.

Question 25

within the homogeneous parenchyma lie the thin-walled _______, the brightly reflective ________, the _______ arteries, and the _______ duct.

Answer 25

Hepatic veins, portal veins, hepatic, hepatic.

Question 26

Near the porta hepatis, the hepatic duct can be seen along the lateral ______ border of the the portal vein, whereas the hepatic artery can be seen along the anterior ______ border.

Answer 26

anterior, medial