Chapter 10 Liver Flashcards
A congenital variant, ______ , can sometimes be seen as an anterior projection of the liver and may extend inferiorly as far as the iliac crest.
Riedel’s lobe
The liver is covered by a thin connective tissue layer called _______ capsule.
Glisson’s
The _______ fissure is the boundary between the right and left lobes of the liver.
main lobar
The _____ligament extends from the umbilicus to the diaphragm in a parasagittal plane and contains the ligamentum teres.
Falciform
The _____ appears as a bright echogenic focus on the sonogram and is seen as the rounded termination of the falciform ligament.
Ligamentum teres
The fissure for the _________ separates the left lobe from the caudate lobe.
Ligamentum venosum
The hepatic veins are divided into three components: ______, _______, and ______
Right, middle, left
The liver is a major center of ________ , which may be defined as the physical and chemical process whereby foodstuffs are synthesized into complex elements.
metabolism
Through the process of ______ , the liver expels these waste products from the body via its excretory product, bile, which also plays an important role in fat absorption.
digestion
A pigment released when the red blood cells are broken down is _______.
bilirubin
The liver is a(n) _______ site for several compounds used in a variety of physiologic activities throughout the body.
storage
The liver is also a center for ________ of the waste products of metabolism accumulated from other sources in the body and foreign chemicals that enter the body.
detoxification
Diseases affecting the liver may be classified as _______ when the liver cells or hepatocytes are the immediate problem; or ________ when bile excretion is blocked.
hepatocellular, obstructive
Raw materials in the form of ________, _______, and _______ are absorbed from the intestine and transported to the liver via the circulatory system.
Carbohydrates, fats, amino acids
Sugars may be absorbed from the blood in several forms, but only ______ can be used by cells throughout the body as a source of energy.
glucose
Dietary fats are converted in the hepatocytes to ________, in which form fats are transported throughout the body to sites where they are used by other organs or stored.
lipoproteins
The accompanying loss of oncotic pressure is the vascular system allows fulid to migrate into the interstitial space, resulting in ______ in dependent areas.
edema
Because the liver is a major center of metabolism, large quantities of ______ are present in the hepatocytes, and these leak into the bloodstream when the liver cells are damaged or destroyed by disease.
enzymes
In severe hepatocellular destruction, such as acute viral or toxic hepatitis, striking levels of _____ and _____ may be seen.
AST, ALT
Marked elevation of _________ is typically associated with biliary obstruction or the presence of mass lesions in the liver.
alkaline phosphate
Hemoglobin released from the red blood cells in converted to _______ within the reticuloendothelial system and is then released into the bloodstream.
bilirubin
Elevation of serum bilirubin results in _______, which is a yellow coloration of the skin, sclerae and body secretions.
jaundice
ligaments and fissures found within the hepatic paranchyma…
gilsson’s capsule, main lobar fissure, falciform ligament, ligamentum teres, and ligamentum venosum.
List the seven liver function tests established to analyze how the liver is performing under normal and diseased conditions.
AST, ALT, alkaline phosphate; bilibrubin; prothrombin time; albumin and globulins.
within the homogeneous parenchyma lie the thin-walled _______, the brightly reflective ________, the _______ arteries, and the _______ duct.
Hepatic veins, portal veins, hepatic, hepatic.
Near the porta hepatis, the hepatic duct can be seen along the lateral ______ border of the the portal vein, whereas the hepatic artery can be seen along the anterior ______ border.
anterior, medial
