Chapter 49 Second and Third Trimester

Question 1

Fetal anatomy can accurately be assessed after _____ weeks.

Answer 1

18

Question 2

Most common fetal position where back of fetal head to maternal pelvis.

Answer 2

vertex/cephalic

Question 3

When the lower extremities or buttocks are found to be in the lower uterine segment and the head is visualized in the uterine fundus.

Answer 3

Breech

Question 4

Fetus laying perpendicular to maternal long axis.

Answer 4

transverse

Question 5

By the ____ week of gestation, the fetal bones ossify.

Answer 5

12

Question 6

Normal fetal brain parenchyma appears ________ because of the small size reflectors and high water content in the tissue. The sulcus and gyrus are more echogenic.

Answer 6

hypoechoic

Question 7

The _______ tissue within the lateral ventricles produces the CSF. This sponge like material is echogenic and is very prominent in early pregnancy.

Answer 7

choroid plexus

Question 8

From the lateral ventricles, the fluid travels to the third ventricle through the ________ . From the third ventricle, the fluid travels though the _________ to the forth ventricle.

Answer 8

foramen of Monro, aquaduct of Sylvius

Question 9

The normal atrium measures ______. If the atrium measures greater than ______, this warrants serial imaging and further evaluation.

Answer 9

6.5mm, 10mm

Question 10

The ______ is located in the back of the cerebral peduncles within the posterior fossa. The cerebellar hemispheres are joined together by the ________.

Answer 10

cerebellum, cerebellar vermis

Question 11

The ________ is the sonographic term that describes the Arnold-chiari malformation in which the cerebellum may be small or displaced downward into the foramen magnum.

Answer 11

banana sign

Question 12

The ________ (a posterior fossa cistern filled with CSF) lies directly behind the cerebellum.

Answer 12

cisterna magna

Question 13

The normal cisterna magna measures ______, with an average size of ______.

Answer 13

3-11 mm, 5-6 mm

Question 14

The second trimester, the thickness of the _________ is measured in a plane containing the cavum septi pellucidi, the cerebellum, and the cisterna magna.

Answer 14

nuchal skin fold

Question 15

values of skin thickness of _______ up to 20 weeks GA are normal.

Answer 15

5mm or less

Question 16

Fetuses with thickened nuchal skin are at increased risk for _______.

Answer 16

aneuploidy

Question 17

The apex of the fetal heart is directed toward the _____ anterior chest with the right ventricle closest to the chest wall and the left atrium closest to the spine.

Answer 17

left

Question 18

Normal heart rhythm and rate of _____ beat per min.

Answer 18

120 to 160

Question 19

Stomach becomes apparent as early as the _____ week and full stomach should be seen in all fetuses beyond the ____ week of gestation

Answer 19

11th, 16th

Question 20

Beyond ____ weeks gestation, small bowel may be differentiated from large bowel.

Answer 20

20

Question 21

The large bowel typically contains mesconium particles and may measure up to _____ in the perterm fetus.

Answer 21

20 mm

Question 22

The kidneys are apparent as early as the ____ week of pregnancy.

Answer 22

13th

Question 23

A renal pelvis greater that ____ beyond 30 weeks GA is considered abnormal.

Answer 23

10mm

Question 24

The adrenals are seen as early as the _____ week of pregnancy and by _____ weeks assume a rice-grain appearance.

Answer 24

20th, 23th

Question 25

Gender may be seen as early as _____ and become clear by the ______ week.

Answer 25

12-16, 20-22nd

Question 26

The umbilical vein transports oxygenated blood from the _______ where as the paired umbilical arteries return deoxygnated blood from the iliac arteries of the fetus to the placenta for purification.

Answer 26

placenta

Question 27

Amniotic fluid increases until the ____ week and then slowly diminishes.

Answer 27

34th

Question 28

Normal cervix is ____ or longer.

Answer 28

3cm