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Sonography > Ch 21 Breast > Flashcards

Ch 21 Breast Flashcards

1
Q

glandular (milk-producing) component of the breast lobule.

A

acinus (acini)

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2
Q

overgrowth of the stromal and epithelial elements of the acini within the terminal ductal lobular unit (TDLU) of the breast; a component of a fibrocystic condition

A

adenosis

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3
Q

without echoes

A

anechoic

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4
Q

plane of imaging on ultrasound of the breast that is perpendicular to the radial plane of imaging.

A

antiradial

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5
Q

the pigmented skin surrounding the breast nipple

A

areola

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6
Q

without symptoms

A

asymptomatic

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7
Q

abnormal proliferation of cells with atypical features involving the TDLU, with an increased likelihood of evolving into breast cancer

A

atypical hyperplasia

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8
Q

armpit

A

axilla

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9
Q

differentiated apocrine sweat gland with the functional purpose of secreting milk during lactation

A

breast

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10
Q

involves two main types of cells: ductal and lobular

A

breast cancer

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11
Q

screening for breast cancer involves annual screening mammography (starting at age 40), monthly breast self-examination (BSE), and regular clinical breast examination (CBE)

A

breast cancer screening

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12
Q

trademark system created by the American College of Radiology (ACR) to standardize mammographic reporting terminology; to categorize breast abnormalities according to the level of suspicion for malignancy; and to facilitate outcome monitoring

A

breast imaging reporting and data system (BI-RADS)

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13
Q

part of breast cancer screening; every woman is encouraged to perform breast self-examination monthly starting at age 20; BSE is usually best performed at the end of menses

A

breast self-examination

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14
Q

examination of the breast by a health care provider as part of breast cancer screening

A

clinical breast examination

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15
Q

connective tissue septa that connect perpendicularly to the breast lobules and extend out to the skin; considered the fibrous “skeleton” supporting the breast glandular tissue

A

Cooper’s ligaments

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16
Q

fluid-filled sac of variable size

A

cyst

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17
Q

common diagnostic and interventional breast procedure that involves placing a needle through the skin of the breast into a cystic mass and pulling fluid out of the cyst through the needle.

A

cyst aspiration

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18
Q

also called consultative, workup, or problem-solving mammography or breast imaging; this type of breast imaging examination is more intensive than routine screening mammography

A

diagnostic breast imaging

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19
Q

most common benign solid tumor of the breast, consisting predominantly of fibrous and epithelial (adenomatous) tissue elements.

A

fibroadenoma

20
Q

also called fibrocystic change or fibrocystic breast, this condition represents many different tissue processes within the breast that are all basically normal processes, which in some patients become exaggerated to the point of raising concern for breast cancer.

A

fibrocystic condition

21
Q

refers to vibrations produced by phonation and felt through the chest wall during palpation; a technique used in conjunction with power Doppler to identify the margins of a lesion

A

fremitus

22
Q

hypertrophy of residual ductal elements that persist behind the nipple in the male

A

gynecomastia

23
Q

echo texture that is more echogenic than the surrounding tissue

A

hyperechoic

24
Q

having relatively weak echoes.

A

hypoechoic

25
Q

cancer of the ductal epithelium; most common general category of breast cancer, accounting for approximately 85% of all breast cancers

A

infiltrating (invasive) ductal carcinoma

26
Q

cancer of the lobular epithelium of the breast, arises at the level of the TDLU; accounts for 12% to 15% of all breast cancers

A

infiltrating (invasive) lobular carcinoma (ILC)

27
Q

echo texture that resembles the surrounding tissue. In the breast, isoechoic masses can be difficult to identify

A

isoechoic

28
Q

near the chest wall (thorax)

A

juxtathoracic

29
Q

the middle of three layers of breast tissue recognized on breast ultrasound between the skin and the chest wall that contains the ductal, glandular, and stromal portions of the breast

A

mammary layer

30
Q

breast cancer that occurs in different quadrants of the breast at least 5 cm apart.

A

multicentric breast cancer

31
Q

cannot be felt on clinical examination; a nonpalpable breast mass is one that is usually identified on screening mammogram and is too small to be felt as a breast lump on BSE or CBE

A

nonpalpable

32
Q

surface erosion of the nipple (reddened area with flaking and crusting) that results from direct invasion of the skin of the nipple by underlying breast cancer

A

Paget’s disease

33
Q

can be felt on clinical examination; a palpable breast lump is one that is identified on CBE or BSE

A

palpable

34
Q

French term that means skin of the orange; descriptive term for skin thickening of one breast that, on clinical breast examination, resembles the skin of an orange.

A

peau d’orange

35
Q

plane of imaging on ultrasound of the breast

A

radial

36
Q

deepest of the three layers of the breast noted on breast ultrasound

A

retromammary layer

37
Q

a normal extension of breast tissue into the axillary or armpit region

A

tail of Spence

38
Q

smallest functional portion of the breast involving the terminal duct and its associated lobule, containing at least one acinus

A

terminal ductal lobular unit (TDLU)

39
Q

most superficial of the three layers of the breast identified on breast ultrasound

A

subcutaneous layer

40
Q

represents the first lymph node along the axillary node chain

A

sentinel node

41
Q

finger-like extension of a malignant tumor

A

spiculation

42
Q

Form of fibrocystic change in which the epithelial cells of the acini undergo alteration

A

aporine metaplasia

43
Q

shows some, but not all, of the features of lobular carcinoma in situ

A

atypical lobular hyperplasia

44
Q

the pathologist recognizes some, but not all, of the features of ductal carcinoma in situ

A

atypical ductal hyperplasia

45
Q

neither considered a true cancer nor treated as such

A

lobular carcinoma in situ

46
Q

term preferred by many authers to replace LCIS and atypical hyperplasia

A

lobular neoplasia

47
Q

breast cancer occurring in different quadrants of the breast at least 5 cm apart

A

multicentric breast cancer

Sonography (29 decks)

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