Ch 21 Breast

Question 1

glandular (milk-producing) component of the breast lobule.

Answer 1

acinus (acini)

Question 2

overgrowth of the stromal and epithelial elements of the acini within the terminal ductal lobular unit (TDLU) of the breast; a component of a fibrocystic condition

Answer 2

adenosis

Question 3

without echoes

Answer 3

anechoic

Question 4

plane of imaging on ultrasound of the breast that is perpendicular to the radial plane of imaging.

Answer 4

antiradial

Question 5

the pigmented skin surrounding the breast nipple

Answer 5

areola

Question 6

without symptoms

Answer 6

asymptomatic

Question 7

abnormal proliferation of cells with atypical features involving the TDLU, with an increased likelihood of evolving into breast cancer

Answer 7

atypical hyperplasia

Question 8

armpit

Answer 8

axilla

Question 9

differentiated apocrine sweat gland with the functional purpose of secreting milk during lactation

Answer 9

breast

Question 10

involves two main types of cells: ductal and lobular

Answer 10

breast cancer

Question 11

screening for breast cancer involves annual screening mammography (starting at age 40), monthly breast self-examination (BSE), and regular clinical breast examination (CBE)

Answer 11

breast cancer screening

Question 12

trademark system created by the American College of Radiology (ACR) to standardize mammographic reporting terminology; to categorize breast abnormalities according to the level of suspicion for malignancy; and to facilitate outcome monitoring

Answer 12

breast imaging reporting and data system (BI-RADS)

Question 13

part of breast cancer screening; every woman is encouraged to perform breast self-examination monthly starting at age 20; BSE is usually best performed at the end of menses

Answer 13

breast self-examination

Question 14

examination of the breast by a health care provider as part of breast cancer screening

Answer 14

clinical breast examination

Question 15

connective tissue septa that connect perpendicularly to the breast lobules and extend out to the skin; considered the fibrous “skeleton” supporting the breast glandular tissue

Answer 15

Cooper’s ligaments

Question 16

fluid-filled sac of variable size

Answer 16

cyst

Question 17

common diagnostic and interventional breast procedure that involves placing a needle through the skin of the breast into a cystic mass and pulling fluid out of the cyst through the needle.

Answer 17

cyst aspiration

Question 18

also called consultative, workup, or problem-solving mammography or breast imaging; this type of breast imaging examination is more intensive than routine screening mammography

Answer 18

diagnostic breast imaging

Question 19

most common benign solid tumor of the breast, consisting predominantly of fibrous and epithelial (adenomatous) tissue elements.

Answer 19

fibroadenoma

Question 20

also called fibrocystic change or fibrocystic breast, this condition represents many different tissue processes within the breast that are all basically normal processes, which in some patients become exaggerated to the point of raising concern for breast cancer.

Answer 20

fibrocystic condition

Question 21

refers to vibrations produced by phonation and felt through the chest wall during palpation; a technique used in conjunction with power Doppler to identify the margins of a lesion

Answer 21

fremitus

Question 22

hypertrophy of residual ductal elements that persist behind the nipple in the male

Answer 22

gynecomastia

Question 23

echo texture that is more echogenic than the surrounding tissue

Answer 23

hyperechoic

Question 24

having relatively weak echoes.

Answer 24

hypoechoic

Question 25

cancer of the ductal epithelium; most common general category of breast cancer, accounting for approximately 85% of all breast cancers

Answer 25

infiltrating (invasive) ductal carcinoma

Question 26

cancer of the lobular epithelium of the breast, arises at the level of the TDLU; accounts for 12% to 15% of all breast cancers

Answer 26

infiltrating (invasive) lobular carcinoma (ILC)

Question 27

echo texture that resembles the surrounding tissue. In the breast, isoechoic masses can be difficult to identify

Answer 27

isoechoic

Question 28

near the chest wall (thorax)

Answer 28

juxtathoracic

Question 29

the middle of three layers of breast tissue recognized on breast ultrasound between the skin and the chest wall that contains the ductal, glandular, and stromal portions of the breast

Answer 29

mammary layer

Question 30

breast cancer that occurs in different quadrants of the breast at least 5 cm apart.

Answer 30

multicentric breast cancer

Question 31

cannot be felt on clinical examination; a nonpalpable breast mass is one that is usually identified on screening mammogram and is too small to be felt as a breast lump on BSE or CBE

Answer 31

nonpalpable

Question 32

surface erosion of the nipple (reddened area with flaking and crusting) that results from direct invasion of the skin of the nipple by underlying breast cancer

Answer 32

Paget’s disease

Question 33

can be felt on clinical examination; a palpable breast lump is one that is identified on CBE or BSE

Answer 33

palpable

Question 34

French term that means skin of the orange; descriptive term for skin thickening of one breast that, on clinical breast examination, resembles the skin of an orange.

Answer 34

peau d’orange

Question 35

plane of imaging on ultrasound of the breast

Answer 35

radial

Question 36

deepest of the three layers of the breast noted on breast ultrasound

Answer 36

retromammary layer

Question 37

a normal extension of breast tissue into the axillary or armpit region

Answer 37

tail of Spence

Question 38

smallest functional portion of the breast involving the terminal duct and its associated lobule, containing at least one acinus

Answer 38

terminal ductal lobular unit (TDLU)

Question 39

most superficial of the three layers of the breast identified on breast ultrasound

Answer 39

subcutaneous layer

Question 40

represents the first lymph node along the axillary node chain

Answer 40

sentinel node

Question 41

finger-like extension of a malignant tumor

Answer 41

spiculation

Question 42

Form of fibrocystic change in which the epithelial cells of the acini undergo alteration

Answer 42

aporine metaplasia

Question 43

shows some, but not all, of the features of lobular carcinoma in situ

Answer 43

atypical lobular hyperplasia

Question 44

the pathologist recognizes some, but not all, of the features of ductal carcinoma in situ

Answer 44

atypical ductal hyperplasia

Question 45

neither considered a true cancer nor treated as such

Answer 45

lobular carcinoma in situ

Question 46

term preferred by many authers to replace LCIS and atypical hyperplasia

Answer 46

lobular neoplasia

Question 47

breast cancer occurring in different quadrants of the breast at least 5 cm apart

Answer 47

multicentric breast cancer