Chapter 13 Gastrointestinal Tract- Fill in the Blank

Question 1

List the sequential parts of the digestive system.

Answer 1

Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, and ileum), and large intestine (cecum;ascending, transverse, and descending colon; and rectum)

Question 2

The lower end of the esophagus is a circular muscle that acts as a sphincter, constricting the tube so that the entrance to the stomach, at the _______, is generally closed. This helps to prevent gastric acid from moving up into the esophagus.

Answer 2

Cardiac orifice

Question 3

The pylorus is further subdivided into the _____ , the _____canal, and the ______ sphincter.

Answer 3

antrum, pyloric, pyloric

Question 4

The duodenum is subdivided into four segments:

Answer 4

1. superior
2. descending
3. transverse
4. ascending

Question 5

The duodenal bulb is peritoneal, supported by the hepatoduodenal, and passes ________ to the common bile duct, gastroduodenal artery, common hepatic artery, hepatic portal vein, and head of the pancreas.

Answer 5

anterior

Question 6

The common bile duct joins the pancreatic duct to enter the_______.

Answer 6

ampulla of vater

Question 7

The arteries that supply the esophagus include the inferior _____ branch of the ______ artery that supplies the upper esophagus; the descending _______ aorta that supplies the midesophagus; and the ______ branch of the celiac axis and the left inferior ______ artery of the abdominal aorta that supplies the lower end of the esophagus.

Answer 7

Thyroid, subclavian, thoracic, gastric, phrenic

Question 8

The ______ outlines the small intestine and contains the superior mesenteric vessels, nerves, lymphatic glands, and fat between its two layers.

Answer 8

mesentery

Question 9

The nutrients are transported to the liver after they are absorbed by the _____ ; the liver processes ans stores the nutrients.

Answer 9

blood

Question 10

The three layers of smooth muscle in the wall enable the stomach to mash and churn food and move it along with_____.

Answer 10

peristalsis

Question 11

Gastric glands secrete gastric juice containing________ acid and ______

Answer 11

hyrochloric, enzymes

Question 12

The hormone _____ , which is released by the stomach mucosa, stimulates gastric acid secretion.

Answer 12

gastrin

Question 13

Gastrointestinal hormones include ________ and ________.

Answer 13

choleystokinin, secretin

Question 14

______ within the large intestine devour the chyme and it turn produce vitamins that can be absorbed and used by the body.

Answer 14

bacteria

Question 15

The most common laboratory data the sonographer may come across in a patient with gastrointestinal disease relate to the presence of _____ in the stool.

Answer 15

blood

Question 16

As a result of chronic blood loss, ____ may be present.

Answer 16

anemia

Question 17

The _________ junction is seen on the sagittal scan to the left of the midline as a bull’s-eye or target-shaped structure anterior to the aorta, posterior to the left lobe of the liver, and inferior to the hemidiaphram.

Answer 17

gastroesophgeal

Question 18

The gastric _____ can be seen as a target shape at the midline.

Answer 18

antrum

Question 19

The sonographer usually cannot see the small bowel with ultrasound; the valvulae conniventes may be seen as linear echo densities spaced 3 to 5 mm apart. This is called the _______ and can be seen in the duodenum and jejunum.

Answer 19

“keyboard sign”

Question 20

The appendix is located on the abdominal wall under _________

Answer 20

McBurney’s point