Ch 40 Sonographic Evaluation of the Female Pelvis Flashcards
The full bladder ________ the bowel and its contained gas from the field of view and _______ the anteflexed uterus slightly so that it is more perpendicular to the transducer angle.
displaces, flattens
The bladder shape may be helpful because a well-distended bladder typically has a ________ or elongated shape on midline scans.
triangular
The ____ vessels can be used as a landmark to identify the lateral adnexal borders.
iliac
If pathology is present, documentation of the _______ (Morison’s pouch and subphrenic area) and bilateral ______ areas must be obtained.
RUQ, renal
In transvaginal scanning, it is necessary to advance the transducer slightly, angling _______ to visualize the fundus, and to withdraw slightly, away from the external os, while angling ______ to see the cervix and the rectouterine recess.
anterior, posterior
These measurements of the uterus and ovaries should documented: ________, __________, _________.
length, width, axial
The thickness of the endometrium should be measured in the ________ plane.
sagittal
Pelvic muscles may be mistaken for ovaries, fluid collections, or masses. A _______ bilateral arrangement indicates that they are muscles.
symmetrical
Sonographically, sections of the _________ muscle are seen at the posterior lateral corners of the bladder at the level of the vagina and cervix.
obturater internus
The muscle that is best visualized sonographically in a transverse plane with caudal angulation at the most inferior aspect of the bladder is the _________ muscle.
levator ani
The muscle that are located on either side of the midline posterior to the upper half of the uterine body and fundus are the ________ muscles.
piriformis
To assess the uterine vessels, the sonographer interrogates just ______ to the cervix and lower uterine segment at the level of the internal os.
lateral
A _______ , highly resistive flow pattern in the ovary is shown during the follicular phase of the menstural cycle
low-velocity
At ovulation, the maximum velocity increases and the RI ______
decreases
The middle uterine layer is the ________ of the uterus; this layer should have a homogeneous ecotexture with smooth-walled borders.
myometrium
The ________ of the uterus is hypoechoic and surrounds the relatively echogenic endometrial stripe, creating a subendometrial halo.
endometrium
calcifications may be seen in the _______ arcuate arteries in postmenopausal women and appear as peripheral linear echos with shadowing.
arcuate
The body of the uterus is separated from the cervix by the isthmus at the level of the ________ and is identified by narrowing of the canal.
internal os
The axis of the uterine body relative to the cervix is referred to as the ______, whereas________ refers to the axis of the cervix relative to the vagina.
flexion, version
The best way to measure the cervical-fundal dimension of the uterus in the longitudinal plane is the ________ technique.
transabdominal
During menstruation (days 1 -4), the ________ canal appears as a hypoechoic central line representing blood and tissue reaching 4 to 8 mm, including the basal layer in this measurement.
endometrial
As menses progress (day 3 to 7), the hypoechoic echo that represented blood disappears, and the endometrial stripe is a discrete thin _______ line that is usually only 2 to 3 mm long.
hyperechoic
In the early proliferative phase (days 5 to 9), the endometrial canal appears as a ________ stripe.
single thin
The layer that is seen as a hyperechoic halo encompassing the stripe is the ________ layer
functionalis
The layer of the endometrium that represents the thin surrounding hyperechoic outermost echo is the ______ layer.
basalis
During the _______ (luteal) phase (days 15 to 28), the endometrium is at its greatest thickness and echogenicity with posterior enhancement.
secretory
Sonographically, the postmenopausal endometiral complex is seen as a thin _______ line measuring less than 8mm, unless a hormone regimen is being followed.
echogenic
If the tunes are distended with or surrounded by a sufficient amount of _____, they can be easily outlined by the contrasting fluid.
fluid
Typically, the ovary is located just _____ to the uterus and ________ to the internal iliac vessels, which can be used as a landmark to localize the ovary.
lateral, anteromedial
The best sonographic marker for the ovary is identification of a _________ , which has the classic appearance of being think walled and anechoic with through-transmission posteriorly.
follicular cyst
The posterior cul-de-sac, or _________, is the most posterior and inferior reflection of the peritoneal cavity. It is located between the rectum and the vagina and is known as the pouch of douglas.
rectouterine recess
___________ involves the instillation of sterile saline solution into the endometrial cavity.
sonohysterography
