Urinary System Flashcards
1
Q
Dialysis
A
Mechanical filtering process used to remove metabolic waste products from blood, draw off excess fluids, and regulate body chemistry when kidneys fail to function properly
2
Q
electrolytes
A
solutions that conduct electricity, such as acids, bases and salts
3
Q
metabolism
A
sum of all physical and chemical changes that take place within an organism
4
Q
pH
A
symbol for degree of acidity or alkalinity of a substance
5
Q
cyst/o
A
bladder
6
Q
vesic/o
A
bladder
7
Q
glomerul/o
A
glomerulus
8
Q
meat/o
A
opening, meatus
9
Q
nephr/o
A
kidney
10
Q
ren/o
A
kidney
11
Q
pyel/o
A
renal pelvis
12
Q
ur/o
A
urine, urinary tract
13
Q
urin/o
A
urine, urinary tract
14
Q
ureter/o
A
ureter
15
Q
urethr/o
A
urethra
16
Q
-emia
A
blood condition
17
Q
-iasis
A
abnormal condition (produced by something specified)
18
Q
-lysis
A
separation; destruction; loosening
19
Q
-pathy
A
disease
20
Q
-pexy
A
fixation (of an organ)
21
Q
-ptosis
A
prolapse, downward displacement
22
Q
-dripsy
A
crushing
23
Q
-uria
A
urine
24
Q
an-
A
without, not
25
poly-
many, much
26
supra-
above; excessive; superior
27
azatouria
increase of nitrogenous substances, especially urea, in urine
28
cystocele
bulging of the urinary bladder through the wall of the vagina as a result of weakening of supportive tissue between the bladder and the vagina; also called prolapsed bladder
29
diuresis
increased formation and secretion of urine
30
dysuria
painful or difficult urination, typically caused by a urinary tract conditions, such as cystitis
31
edema
abnormal accumulation of fluids in the cells, tissues, or other parts of the body that may be a sign of kidney failure or other disease
32
end-stage renal disease (ESRD)
kidney disease that has advanced to the point that the kidneys can no longer adequately filter blood and eventually requires dialysis or renal transplantation for survival; also called chronic renal failure (CRF)
33
enuresis
involuntary discharge of urine after the age at which bladder control should be established; also called night-time bed-wetting or nocturnal enuresis
34
hypospadias
abnormal congenital opening of the male urethra on the undersurface of the penis
35
interstitial nephritis
form of nephritis in which pathological changes in renal interstitial tissue result in destruction of nephrons and severe impairment in renal function
36
nephrolithiasis
formation of calculi in the kidney that results when substances that are normally dissolved in the urine (such as calcium and acid salts) solidify
37
renal hypertension
high blood pressure that results from kidney disease
38
uremia
elevated level of urea and other nitrogenous waste products in the blood; also called azotemia
39
urinary tract infection (UTI)
infection of the kidney, ureters, or bladder by microorganisms that either ascend from the urethra or spread to the kidney from the bloodstream
40
Wilms tumor
malignant neoplasm of the kidney that occurs in young children, usually before age 5, and includes common early signs such as hypertension, a palpable mass, pain, and hematuria
41
blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
laboratory test that measures the amount of urea (nitrogenous waste product) in the blood and demonstrates the kidneys' ability to filter urea from the blood for excretion in urine
42
culture & sensitivity
laboratory test that isolates and grows colonies of microorganisms to identify a pathogen and to determine which drugs might be effective for combating an infection
43
kidneys, ureters, bladder (KUB)
radiographic examination to determine the location, size, shape, and possible malformation of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder
44
pyelography
radiographic study of the kidneys, ureters, and usually, the bladder after injection of a contrast agent
45
Intravenous pyelography
Radiographic imaging in which a contrast medium is injected intravenously and serial x-ray films are taken to provide visualization of the entire urinary tract
46
retrograde pyelography (RP)
radiographic imaging in which a contast medium is introduced through a cystoscope directly into the bladder and ureters to provide detailed visualization of the urinary structures and to locate urinary tract obstruction
47
renal scan
nuclear medicine imaging procedure that determines renal function and shape through measurements of a radioactive substance injected intravenously that concentrates in the kidney
48
urinalysis (UA)
physical, chemical, and microscopic analysis of urine
49
voiding cystourethrograpy
radiography of the bladder and urethra during the process of voiding urine after filling the bladder with a contrast medium
50
catheterization
insertion of a catheter (hollow flexible tube) into a body cavity or organ to in still a substance or remove fluid, most commonly through the urethra into the bladder to withdraw urine
51
cystoscopy (cysto)
insertion of a rigid or flexible cystoscope through the urethra to examine the urinary bladder, obtain biopsy specimens of tumors or other growths, and remove polyps
52
lithotripsy
method of removing stones by crushing them into smaller pieces so that they can be expelled in the urine
53
extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL)
use of powerful sound wave vibrations to break up stones in the kidney
54
nephrolithotomy
surgical procedure that involves a small incision in the skin and insertion of an endoscope into the kidney to remove a renal calculus
55
renal transplantation
organ transplant of a kidney in a patient with end-stage renal disease; also called kidney transplantation
56
ureteral stent
insertion of a thin tube into the ureter to prevent or treat obstruction of urine flow from the kidney
57
antibiotics
treat bacterial infections of the urinary tract by acting on the bacterial membrane or one of its metabolic processes
58
anispasmodics
decrease spasms in the urethra and bladder (caused by UTIs and catheterization) by relaxing the smooth muscles lining their walls, allowing normal emptying of the bladder
59
diuretics
block reabsorption of sodium by the kidneys, increasing the amount of salt and water excreted in the urine (caused reduction of fluid retrained in the body and prevents edema)
