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Medical Terminology > Urinary System > Flashcards

Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

Dialysis

A

Mechanical filtering process used to remove metabolic waste products from blood, draw off excess fluids, and regulate body chemistry when kidneys fail to function properly

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2
Q

electrolytes

A

solutions that conduct electricity, such as acids, bases and salts

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3
Q

metabolism

A

sum of all physical and chemical changes that take place within an organism

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4
Q

pH

A

symbol for degree of acidity or alkalinity of a substance

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5
Q

cyst/o

A

bladder

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6
Q

vesic/o

A

bladder

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7
Q

glomerul/o

A

glomerulus

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8
Q

meat/o

A

opening, meatus

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9
Q

nephr/o

A

kidney

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10
Q

ren/o

A

kidney

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11
Q

pyel/o

A

renal pelvis

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12
Q

ur/o

A

urine, urinary tract

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13
Q

urin/o

A

urine, urinary tract

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14
Q

ureter/o

A

ureter

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15
Q

urethr/o

A

urethra

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16
Q

-emia

A

blood condition

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17
Q

-iasis

A

abnormal condition (produced by something specified)

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18
Q

-lysis

A

separation; destruction; loosening

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19
Q

-pathy

A

disease

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20
Q

-pexy

A

fixation (of an organ)

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21
Q

-ptosis

A

prolapse, downward displacement

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22
Q

-dripsy

A

crushing

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23
Q

-uria

A

urine

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24
Q

an-

A

without, not

25
Q

poly-

A

many, much

26
Q

supra-

A

above; excessive; superior

27
Q

azatouria

A

increase of nitrogenous substances, especially urea, in urine

28
Q

cystocele

A

bulging of the urinary bladder through the wall of the vagina as a result of weakening of supportive tissue between the bladder and the vagina; also called prolapsed bladder

29
Q

diuresis

A

increased formation and secretion of urine

30
Q

dysuria

A

painful or difficult urination, typically caused by a urinary tract conditions, such as cystitis

31
Q

edema

A

abnormal accumulation of fluids in the cells, tissues, or other parts of the body that may be a sign of kidney failure or other disease

32
Q

end-stage renal disease (ESRD)

A

kidney disease that has advanced to the point that the kidneys can no longer adequately filter blood and eventually requires dialysis or renal transplantation for survival; also called chronic renal failure (CRF)

33
Q

enuresis

A

involuntary discharge of urine after the age at which bladder control should be established; also called night-time bed-wetting or nocturnal enuresis

34
Q

hypospadias

A

abnormal congenital opening of the male urethra on the undersurface of the penis

35
Q

interstitial nephritis

A

form of nephritis in which pathological changes in renal interstitial tissue result in destruction of nephrons and severe impairment in renal function

36
Q

nephrolithiasis

A

formation of calculi in the kidney that results when substances that are normally dissolved in the urine (such as calcium and acid salts) solidify

37
Q

renal hypertension

A

high blood pressure that results from kidney disease

38
Q

uremia

A

elevated level of urea and other nitrogenous waste products in the blood; also called azotemia

39
Q

urinary tract infection (UTI)

A

infection of the kidney, ureters, or bladder by microorganisms that either ascend from the urethra or spread to the kidney from the bloodstream

40
Q

Wilms tumor

A

malignant neoplasm of the kidney that occurs in young children, usually before age 5, and includes common early signs such as hypertension, a palpable mass, pain, and hematuria

41
Q

blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

A

laboratory test that measures the amount of urea (nitrogenous waste product) in the blood and demonstrates the kidneys’ ability to filter urea from the blood for excretion in urine

42
Q

culture & sensitivity

A

laboratory test that isolates and grows colonies of microorganisms to identify a pathogen and to determine which drugs might be effective for combating an infection

43
Q

kidneys, ureters, bladder (KUB)

A

radiographic examination to determine the location, size, shape, and possible malformation of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder

44
Q

pyelography

A

radiographic study of the kidneys, ureters, and usually, the bladder after injection of a contrast agent

45
Q

Intravenous pyelography

A

Radiographic imaging in which a contrast medium is injected intravenously and serial x-ray films are taken to provide visualization of the entire urinary tract

46
Q

retrograde pyelography (RP)

A

radiographic imaging in which a contast medium is introduced through a cystoscope directly into the bladder and ureters to provide detailed visualization of the urinary structures and to locate urinary tract obstruction

47
Q

renal scan

A

nuclear medicine imaging procedure that determines renal function and shape through measurements of a radioactive substance injected intravenously that concentrates in the kidney

48
Q

urinalysis (UA)

A

physical, chemical, and microscopic analysis of urine

49
Q

voiding cystourethrograpy

A

radiography of the bladder and urethra during the process of voiding urine after filling the bladder with a contrast medium

50
Q

catheterization

A

insertion of a catheter (hollow flexible tube) into a body cavity or organ to in still a substance or remove fluid, most commonly through the urethra into the bladder to withdraw urine

51
Q

cystoscopy (cysto)

A

insertion of a rigid or flexible cystoscope through the urethra to examine the urinary bladder, obtain biopsy specimens of tumors or other growths, and remove polyps

52
Q

lithotripsy

A

method of removing stones by crushing them into smaller pieces so that they can be expelled in the urine

53
Q

extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL)

A

use of powerful sound wave vibrations to break up stones in the kidney

54
Q

nephrolithotomy

A

surgical procedure that involves a small incision in the skin and insertion of an endoscope into the kidney to remove a renal calculus

55
Q

renal transplantation

A

organ transplant of a kidney in a patient with end-stage renal disease; also called kidney transplantation

56
Q

ureteral stent

A

insertion of a thin tube into the ureter to prevent or treat obstruction of urine flow from the kidney

57
Q

antibiotics

A

treat bacterial infections of the urinary tract by acting on the bacterial membrane or one of its metabolic processes

58
Q

anispasmodics

A

decrease spasms in the urethra and bladder (caused by UTIs and catheterization) by relaxing the smooth muscles lining their walls, allowing normal emptying of the bladder

59
Q

diuretics

A

block reabsorption of sodium by the kidneys, increasing the amount of salt and water excreted in the urine (caused reduction of fluid retrained in the body and prevents edema)

Medical Terminology (15 decks)

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