Endocrine System

Question 1

homeostasis

Answer 1

ability of the body to maintain a state of equilibrium within its internal environment, regardless of changing conditions in the outside environment

Question 2

hormone

Answer 2

chemical substance produced by specialized cells of the body that work slowly and affects many different processes, including growth and development, sexual function, mood, and metabolism

Question 3

metabolism

Answer 3

sum of all chemical and physical processes occurring within living cells

Question 4

aden/o

Answer 4

gland

Question 5

adrenal/o

Answer 5

adrenal glands

Question 6

adren/o

Answer 6

adrenal glands

Question 7

calc/o

Answer 7

calcium

Question 8

gluc/o

Answer 8

sugar, sweetness

Question 9

glyc/o

Answer 9

sugar, sweetness

Question 10

pancreat/o

Answer 10

pancreas

Question 11

parathyroid/o

Answer 11

parathyroid glands

Question 12

pituitar/o

Answer 12

pituitary gland

Question 13

thym/o

Answer 13

thymus gland

Question 14

thyr/o

Answer 14

thyroid gland

Question 15

thyroid/o

Answer 15

thyroid gland

Question 16

toxic/o

Answer 16

poison

Question 17

-crine

Answer 17

to secrete

Question 18

-ism

Answer 18

condition

Question 19

-toxic

Answer 19

poison

Question 20

hyper-

Answer 20

excessive, above normal

Question 21

poly-

Answer 21

many, much

Question 22

Addison disease

Answer 22

hypofunctioning of the adrenal cortex that results in generalized malaise, weakness, muscle atrophy, severe loss of fluids and electrolytes, low blood pressure, hypoglycemia, and hyperpigmentation of the skin

Question 23

Crushing syndrome

Answer 23

cluster of symptoms caused by excessive amounts of cortisol (glucocorticoid) or adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) circulating in the blood; may be due tothe use of oral coticosteroid medication or by tumors that produce cortisol or ACTH

Question 24

diabetes mellitus (DM)

Answer 24

group of meabolic disease characterized by high glucos levels that result from defects in insulin secretion, action, or both and that occur in two primary forms: type 1 and type 2

Question 25

type 1 diabetes

Answer 25

abrupt onset of DM, usually in childhood, caused by destruction of beta islet cells of the pancreas with complete deficiency of insulin secretion

Question 26

type 2 diabetes

Answer 26

gradual onset of DM, usually apearing in middle age and caused by a deficiency in production of insulin or resistance to the action of insulin by the cells of the body

Question 27

insulinoma

Answer 27

tumors of the islets of Langerhans in the pacreas

Question 28

pancreatitis

Answer 28

inflammation of the pancreas that occurs when pancreatic enzymes that digest food are activated in the pancreas instead of the duodenum and attack pancreatic tissue, causing damage to the gland; most commonly caused by alcoholism and biliary tract disease

Question 29

panhypopituitarism

Answer 29

total pituitary impairment that brings about a progressive and general loss of hormone activity

Question 30

pheochromocytoma

Answer 30

rare adrenal gland tumor that causes excessive release of ephinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (hormones that regulate heart rate and blood pressure) and induces severe blood pressure elevation

Question 31

fasting blood glucose (FBG)

Answer 31

test that measures glucose levels in the blood after the patient has fasted (not eaten) for at least 8 hours; used to diagnose pancreatic disorders, such as diabetes and hypoglycemia; also called fasting blood sugar

Question 32

glucose tolerance test (GTT)

Answer 32

test in which a patient fasts for 8-12 hours and then ingests glucose, and blood samples are taken to determine how quickly the glucose is cleared from the blood; used to diagnose diabetes with higher accuracy than other blood glucose test; also called oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)

Question 33

radioactive iodine uptake test (RAIU)

Answer 33

imaging procedure that measures levels of radioactivity in the thyroid after oral or intravenous administration of radioactive iodine; used to determine thyroid function by monitoring the ability of the thyroid to take up iodine from the blood

Question 34

thyroid function test (TFT)

Answer 34

blood test that measures thyroid hormone levels to detect an increase or decrease in thyroid function

Question 35

total calcium

Answer 35

blood test that measures calcium to detect parathyroid and bone disorders

Question 36

lobectomy

Answer 36

Removal of one lobe in treatment of endocrine diseases such as hyperthyroidism

Question 37

thymectomy

Answer 37

excision of thymus gland in cases of myathenia gravis or a tumor

Question 38

transsphenoidal hypophysectomy

Answer 38

minimally invasive endoscopic surgery that removes pituitary tumors through the nasal cavity via the sphenoid sinus (transsphenoidal)without affecting the brain

Question 39

hormone replacement therapy (HRT)

Answer 39

synthetic hormone used to correct a deficiency of estrogen, progesterone, testosterone, or testosterone hormone; relieve symptoms of menopause; and prevent osteoporosis in women

Question 40

insulins

Answer 40

replace insulin in patients with type 1 diabetes or severe type 2 diabetes

Question 41

oral antidiabetics

Answer 41

treat type 2 diabetes by stimulating the pancreas to produce more insulin or lower glucose levels in the blood