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medical terminology > Musculoskeletal System > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

arthritis

A

inflammation of a joint, usually accompanied by pain , swelling, and stiffness

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2
Q

arthroplasty

A

Surgery to reshape, reconstruct, or replace a disease or damaged joint

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3
Q

articulate

A

site of contact between two bones; also called a joint

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4
Q

contraction

A

shortening or tightening of a muscle

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5
Q

musculoskeletal

A

pertaining to muscles and the skeleton

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6
Q

radiography

A

production of captured shadow images on photographic film through the action of ionizing radiation passing through the body from an external source

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7
Q

synovial fluid

A

lubricating fluid secreted by the synovial membrane in the joint

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8
Q

fasci/o

A

band, fascia (fabrous membrane supporting and separating muscles)

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9
Q

fibr/o

A

fiber, fibrous tissue

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10
Q

leiomy/o

A

smooth muscle (visceral)

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11
Q

lumb/o

A

loins (lower back)

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12
Q

muscul/o

A

muscle

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13
Q

my/o

A

muscle

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14
Q

ten/o

A

tendon

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15
Q

tend/o

A

tendon

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16
Q

tendin/o

A

tendon

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17
Q

carp/o

A

carpus (wrist bones)

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18
Q

cervic/o

A

Neck; cervix uteri (neck of uterus)

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19
Q

cost/o

A

ribs

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20
Q

crani/o

A

cranium (skull)

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21
Q

humer/o

A

humerus (upper arm bone)

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22
Q

metacarp/o

A

metacarpus (hand bones)

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23
Q

phalang/o

A

phalanges (bones of fingers and toes)

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24
Q

spondyl/o*

A

vertebra (backbone)

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25
Q

vertebr/o*

A

vertebra *backbone)

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26
Q

stern/o

A

sternum (breastbone)

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27
Q

calcane/o

A

calcaneum (heel bone)

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28
Q

femor/o

A

femur (thigh bone)

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29
Q

fibul/o

A

fibula (smaller outer bone of lower leg)

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30
Q

patell/o

A

patella (kneecap)

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31
Q

pelv/i*

A

pelvis

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32
Q

pelv/o

A

pelvis

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33
Q

radi/o

A

radiation, x-ray; radius (lower arm bone, thumb side)

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34
Q

tibi/o

A

tibia (larger bone of lower leg)

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35
Q

ankyl/o

A

stiffness; bent, crooked

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36
Q

arthr/o

A

joint

37
Q

chondr/o

A

cartilage

38
Q

lamin/o

A

lamina (part of vertebral arch)

39
Q

myel/o

A

bone marrow; spinal cord

40
Q

orth/o

A

straight

41
Q

oste/o

A

bone

42
Q

-clasia

A

to break; surgical fracture

43
Q

-clast

A

to break

44
Q

-plegia

A

paralysis

45
Q

-sarcoma

A

malignant tumor of connective tissue

46
Q

dia-

A

through, across

47
Q

peri-

A

around

48
Q

muscular dystrophy (MD)

A

Group of hereditary diseases characterized by progressive degeneration of the muscles, leading to increasing weakness and debilitation, including Duchenne dystrophy (most common form)

49
Q

myasthenia gravis (MG)

A

Autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by progressive fatigue and severe muscle weakness, particularly evident with facial muscle and ptosis of the eyelids

50
Q

rotator cuff injury

A

injury to the capsule of the shoulder joint, which is reinforced by muscles and tendons; also called musclulotendinous rotator cuff injury

51
Q

sprain

A

trauma to a joint that causes injury to the surrounding ligament, accompanied by pain and disability, such as an eversion sprain that occurs when the foot is twisted outward

52
Q

Strain

A

trauma to a muscle form overuse or excessive forcible stretch

53
Q

tendinitis

A

inflammation of a tendon, usually caused by injury or overuse; also called tendonitis

54
Q

torticollis

A

spasmodic contraction of the neck muscles,, causing stiffness and twisting of the neck; also called wryneck

55
Q

gouty

A

arthritis caused by excessive uric acid in the body; also called gout

56
Q

osteoarthritis

A

progressive, degenerative joint disease characterized by bone spurs (osteophytes) and destruction of articular cartilage

57
Q

rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

A

chronic, systemic inflammatory disease affecting the synovial membrane of multiple joints, eventually resulting in crippling deformities and immobility

58
Q

bunion

A

deformity characterized by lateral deviation of the great toe as it turns in toward the second toe (angulation) with an abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the great toe

59
Q

carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)

A

Pain or numbness resulting from compression of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel (wrist canal through which the flexor tendons and median nerve pass)

60
Q

contracture

A

Fibrosis of connective tissue in the skin, fascia, muscle, or joint capsule that prevents normal mobility of the related tissue or joint

61
Q

crepitation

A

grating sound made by movement of bone ends rubbing together, indicating a fracture or joint destruction

62
Q

Ewing sarcoma

A

Malignant tumor that develops from bone marrow, usually in long bones or the pelvis, and most commonly affecting adolescent boys

63
Q

fracture (Fx)

A

any break in a bone

64
Q

ganglion cyst

A

noncancerous, jelly-like, fluid-filled lumps that most commonly develop along the tendon or joint of the wrists or hands, but may also appear in the feet

65
Q

herniated disk

A

herniation or rupture of the nucleus pulposus (center gelatinous material within an intervertebral disk) between two vertebrae; also called prolapsed disk

66
Q

osteomyelitis

A

infection that encompasses all bone (osseous) components, including the bone marrow

67
Q

osteoporosis

A

decrease in bone density with an increase in porosity, causing bones to become brittle and increasing the risk of fractures

68
Q

Paget Disease

A

abnormal bone destruction and regrowth of either one or several bones at numerous sites that results in deformity; most commonly occurs in the pelvis, skull,, spine, and legs; also called osteitis deformans

69
Q

rickets

A

form of osteomalacia in children caused by vitamin D deficiency; also called rachitis

70
Q

sequestrum

A

fragment of a necrosed bone that has become separated from surrounding tissue

71
Q

talipes equinovarus

A

congenital deformity in which the greater toe is angled laterally toward the other toes; also called clubfoot

72
Q

spinal curvatures

A

abnormal deviation of the spine from its normal position that results in a misalignment or exaggeration in certain areas, as occurs in kyphosis, lordosis, and scoliosis

73
Q

kyphosis

A

increased curvature of the thoracic region of the vertebral column, leading to a humpback posture; also called hunchback

74
Q

lordosis

A

forward curvature of the lumbar region of the vertebral column, leading to a swayback posture

75
Q

scoliosis

A

abnormal sideward curvature of the spine to the left or right that eventually causes back pain, disk disease, or arthritis

76
Q

spondylitis

A

inflammation of one or more vertebrae

77
Q

ankylosing spondylitis

A

chronic inflammatory disease of unknown origin that first affects the spine and is characterized by fusion and lost of mobility of two or more vertebrae; also called rheumatoid spondylitis

78
Q

spondylolisthesis

A

partial forward dislocation of one vertebra over the one below it, most commonly the fifth lumbar vertebra over the first sacral vertebra; also called spinal cord compression

79
Q

subluxation

A

partial or incomplete dislocation of a bone from its normal location within a joint, causing loss of function of the joint; also called partial dislocation

80
Q

arthrocentiesis

A

puncture of a joint space with a needle to obtain sample of synovial fluid for diagnostic purposes, instill medication, or remove accumulated fluid from joints to relieve pain

81
Q

arthroscopy

A

visual examination of the interior of a joint and its structures using a thin flexible, fiberoptic scope called an arthroscope, which contains a miniature camera and projects images on a monitor to guid instruments during procedures

82
Q

arthroplasty

A

surgical reconstruction or replacement of a painful, degenerated joint to restore mobility in rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis or to correct a congenital deformity

83
Q

total hip arthroplasty

A

replacement of the femoral head and acetabulum with prostheses that are fastened into the bone; also called total hip replacement (THR)

84
Q

sequestrectomy

A

excision of a sequestrum (segment of necrosed bone)

85
Q

bone reabsorption inhibitors

A

reduce the reabsorption of bones in treatment of weak and fragile bones as seen in osteoporosis and Paget disease

86
Q

gold salts

A

treat rheumatoid arthritis by inhibiting activity within the immune system and preventing further disease progression

87
Q

muscle relaxants

A

relieve muscle spasms, pain and stiffness

88
Q

non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS)

A

relieve mild to moderate pain and reduce inflammation in treatment of muscleoskeletal conditions, such as sprains and strain, and inflammatory disorders, including rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, bursitis, gout and tendinitis

medical terminology (15 decks)

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