Musculoskeletal System Flashcards
1
Q
arthritis
A
inflammation of a joint, usually accompanied by pain , swelling, and stiffness
2
Q
arthroplasty
A
Surgery to reshape, reconstruct, or replace a disease or damaged joint
3
Q
articulate
A
site of contact between two bones; also called a joint
4
Q
contraction
A
shortening or tightening of a muscle
5
Q
musculoskeletal
A
pertaining to muscles and the skeleton
6
Q
radiography
A
production of captured shadow images on photographic film through the action of ionizing radiation passing through the body from an external source
7
Q
synovial fluid
A
lubricating fluid secreted by the synovial membrane in the joint
8
Q
fasci/o
A
band, fascia (fabrous membrane supporting and separating muscles)
9
Q
fibr/o
A
fiber, fibrous tissue
10
Q
leiomy/o
A
smooth muscle (visceral)
11
Q
lumb/o
A
loins (lower back)
12
Q
muscul/o
A
muscle
13
Q
my/o
A
muscle
14
Q
ten/o
A
tendon
15
Q
tend/o
A
tendon
16
Q
tendin/o
A
tendon
17
Q
carp/o
A
carpus (wrist bones)
18
Q
cervic/o
A
Neck; cervix uteri (neck of uterus)
19
Q
cost/o
A
ribs
20
Q
crani/o
A
cranium (skull)
21
Q
humer/o
A
humerus (upper arm bone)
22
Q
metacarp/o
A
metacarpus (hand bones)
23
Q
phalang/o
A
phalanges (bones of fingers and toes)
24
Q
spondyl/o*
A
vertebra (backbone)
25
vertebr/o*
vertebra *backbone)
26
stern/o
sternum (breastbone)
27
calcane/o
calcaneum (heel bone)
28
femor/o
femur (thigh bone)
29
fibul/o
fibula (smaller outer bone of lower leg)
30
patell/o
patella (kneecap)
31
pelv/i*
pelvis
32
pelv/o
pelvis
33
radi/o
radiation, x-ray; radius (lower arm bone, thumb side)
34
tibi/o
tibia (larger bone of lower leg)
35
ankyl/o
stiffness; bent, crooked
36
arthr/o
joint
37
chondr/o
cartilage
38
lamin/o
lamina (part of vertebral arch)
39
myel/o
bone marrow; spinal cord
40
orth/o
straight
41
oste/o
bone
42
-clasia
to break; surgical fracture
43
-clast
to break
44
-plegia
paralysis
45
-sarcoma
malignant tumor of connective tissue
46
dia-
through, across
47
peri-
around
48
muscular dystrophy (MD)
Group of hereditary diseases characterized by progressive degeneration of the muscles, leading to increasing weakness and debilitation, including Duchenne dystrophy (most common form)
49
myasthenia gravis (MG)
Autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by progressive fatigue and severe muscle weakness, particularly evident with facial muscle and ptosis of the eyelids
50
rotator cuff injury
injury to the capsule of the shoulder joint, which is reinforced by muscles and tendons; also called musclulotendinous rotator cuff injury
51
sprain
trauma to a joint that causes injury to the surrounding ligament, accompanied by pain and disability, such as an eversion sprain that occurs when the foot is twisted outward
52
Strain
trauma to a muscle form overuse or excessive forcible stretch
53
tendinitis
inflammation of a tendon, usually caused by injury or overuse; also called tendonitis
54
torticollis
spasmodic contraction of the neck muscles,, causing stiffness and twisting of the neck; also called wryneck
55
gouty
arthritis caused by excessive uric acid in the body; also called gout
56
osteoarthritis
progressive, degenerative joint disease characterized by bone spurs (osteophytes) and destruction of articular cartilage
57
rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
chronic, systemic inflammatory disease affecting the synovial membrane of multiple joints, eventually resulting in crippling deformities and immobility
58
bunion
deformity characterized by lateral deviation of the great toe as it turns in toward the second toe (angulation) with an abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the great toe
59
carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)
Pain or numbness resulting from compression of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel (wrist canal through which the flexor tendons and median nerve pass)
60
contracture
Fibrosis of connective tissue in the skin, fascia, muscle, or joint capsule that prevents normal mobility of the related tissue or joint
61
crepitation
grating sound made by movement of bone ends rubbing together, indicating a fracture or joint destruction
62
Ewing sarcoma
Malignant tumor that develops from bone marrow, usually in long bones or the pelvis, and most commonly affecting adolescent boys
63
fracture (Fx)
any break in a bone
64
ganglion cyst
noncancerous, jelly-like, fluid-filled lumps that most commonly develop along the tendon or joint of the wrists or hands, but may also appear in the feet
65
herniated disk
herniation or rupture of the nucleus pulposus (center gelatinous material within an intervertebral disk) between two vertebrae; also called prolapsed disk
66
osteomyelitis
infection that encompasses all bone (osseous) components, including the bone marrow
67
osteoporosis
decrease in bone density with an increase in porosity, causing bones to become brittle and increasing the risk of fractures
68
Paget Disease
abnormal bone destruction and regrowth of either one or several bones at numerous sites that results in deformity; most commonly occurs in the pelvis, skull,, spine, and legs; also called osteitis deformans
69
rickets
form of osteomalacia in children caused by vitamin D deficiency; also called rachitis
70
sequestrum
fragment of a necrosed bone that has become separated from surrounding tissue
71
talipes equinovarus
congenital deformity in which the greater toe is angled laterally toward the other toes; also called clubfoot
72
spinal curvatures
abnormal deviation of the spine from its normal position that results in a misalignment or exaggeration in certain areas, as occurs in kyphosis, lordosis, and scoliosis
73
kyphosis
increased curvature of the thoracic region of the vertebral column, leading to a humpback posture; also called hunchback
74
lordosis
forward curvature of the lumbar region of the vertebral column, leading to a swayback posture
75
scoliosis
abnormal sideward curvature of the spine to the left or right that eventually causes back pain, disk disease, or arthritis
76
spondylitis
inflammation of one or more vertebrae
77
ankylosing spondylitis
chronic inflammatory disease of unknown origin that first affects the spine and is characterized by fusion and lost of mobility of two or more vertebrae; also called rheumatoid spondylitis
78
spondylolisthesis
partial forward dislocation of one vertebra over the one below it, most commonly the fifth lumbar vertebra over the first sacral vertebra; also called spinal cord compression
79
subluxation
partial or incomplete dislocation of a bone from its normal location within a joint, causing loss of function of the joint; also called partial dislocation
80
arthrocentiesis
puncture of a joint space with a needle to obtain sample of synovial fluid for diagnostic purposes, instill medication, or remove accumulated fluid from joints to relieve pain
81
arthroscopy
visual examination of the interior of a joint and its structures using a thin flexible, fiberoptic scope called an arthroscope, which contains a miniature camera and projects images on a monitor to guid instruments during procedures
82
arthroplasty
surgical reconstruction or replacement of a painful, degenerated joint to restore mobility in rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis or to correct a congenital deformity
83
total hip arthroplasty
replacement of the femoral head and acetabulum with prostheses that are fastened into the bone; also called total hip replacement (THR)
84
sequestrectomy
excision of a sequestrum (segment of necrosed bone)
85
bone reabsorption inhibitors
reduce the reabsorption of bones in treatment of weak and fragile bones as seen in osteoporosis and Paget disease
86
gold salts
treat rheumatoid arthritis by inhibiting activity within the immune system and preventing further disease progression
87
muscle relaxants
relieve muscle spasms, pain and stiffness
88
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS)
relieve mild to moderate pain and reduce inflammation in treatment of muscleoskeletal conditions, such as sprains and strain, and inflammatory disorders, including rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, bursitis, gout and tendinitis
