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Medical Terminology > Body Structure > Flashcards

Body Structure Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

anterior

A

toward the front of the body, organ, or structure

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2
Q

anteroposterior

A

Pertaining to the front and back of the body or passing from the front to the back of the body

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3
Q

inferior

A

pertaining to below, lower, or toward the tail

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4
Q

scan

A

process of using a moving device or a sweeping beam of radiation to produce mages of an internal area, organ or tissue of the body

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5
Q

Levels of organization

A

cellular level, tissue level, organ level, system level, organism level

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6
Q

cellular level

A

molecules combine to form cells, the basic structural and functional units of the body

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7
Q

Tissue level

A

groups of cells that work together to perform a specialized function

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8
Q

organ level

A

structures that are composed of two or more different types of tissue; they have specific functions and usually have recognizable shapes

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9
Q

system level

A

related organs with a common function; also called organ-system level

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10
Q

organism level

A

collection of body systems that makes up the most complex level: a living human being. all parts of a the human body functioning together constitute the total organism

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11
Q

Anatomical position

A

standard reference position of the body

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12
Q

Adduction

A

movement toward the midline of the body

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13
Q

Abduction

A

movement away from the midline of the body

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14
Q

Superior (cephalic, cranial)

A

above or higher; toward the head

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15
Q

Inferior (caudal)

A

below or lower; toward the tail

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16
Q

Anterior (ventral)

A

front of the body; toward the front

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17
Q

Posterior (dorsal)

A

back of the body; toward the back

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18
Q

Medial

A

pertaining to the middle; toward the midline

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19
Q

Lateral

A

pertaining to the side; toward the side

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20
Q

External

A

outside, exterior to

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21
Q

Internal

A

within, inferior to

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22
Q

Superficial

A

toward or on the surface

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23
Q

Deep

A

away from the surface

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24
Q

Proximal

A

near the point of attachment to the trunk or a structure

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25
Q

Distal

A

farther from the point of attachment to the trunk or a structure

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26
Q

Parietal

A

pertaining to the outer wall of a cavity

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27
Q

Visceral

A

pertaining to the organs within a cavity

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28
Q

Median plane

A

vertical plane that passes through the midline of the body and divides the body or organ into equal right and left sides; also called midsagittal plane

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29
Q

Frontal plane

A

plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior portions; also call coronal plane

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30
Q

Horizontal plane

A

plane that separates the body into superior and inferior portions; also called transverse plane

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31
Q

Dorsal Cavity

A

divided into the cranial and spinal cavities containing the brain and spinal cord.

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32
Q

Ventral Cavity

A

Subdivided by the diaphragm into the thoracic cavity containing the heart and lungs and the abdominopelvic cavity which is divided into the abdominal and pelvic cavities

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33
Q

Right upper quadrant (RUQ)

A

contains: right love of the liver, the gallbladder, part of the pancreas, and part of the small and large intestine.

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34
Q

Right lower quadrant (RLQ)

A

contains part of the small and large intestines, the appendix, the right ovary, the right fallopian tube, and the right ureter

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35
Q

Left upper quadrant (LUQ)

A

Contains the left lobe of the liver, the stomach, the spleen, part of the pancreas, and part of the small and large intestine

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36
Q

Left lower quadrant (LLQ)

A

contains part of the small and large intestine, the left ovary, the left fallopian tube, and the left ureter

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37
Q

Right hypochondriac

A

upper right region located under the cartilage of the ribs

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38
Q

Left hypochondriac

A

upper left region located under the cartilage of the ribs

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39
Q

Right lumbar

A

mille right region located near the waist

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40
Q

Left lumbar

A

middle left region located near the waist

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41
Q

Right iliac

A

lower right region located near the groin (also called right inguinal region)

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42
Q

Left iliac

A

lower left region located near the groin (also called left inguinal region)

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43
Q

Epigastric

A

middle region located above the stomach

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44
Q

Umbilical

A

middle region located in the area of the umbilicus, or navel.

45
Q

Hypogastric

A

lower middle region located below the stomach and umbilical region

46
Q

Knee-chest postion

A

the patient is assisted into the kneeling position with the buttocks elevated the head and chest are on the table, and the arms are extended above the head and flexed at the elbow. this position facilitates examination of the rectum

47
Q

Lithotomy position

A

the patient is assisted into a supine (laying on the back) position. the legs are sharply flexed at the knees, and the feet are placed in stirrups. the position is used for vaginal examination and the Papanicolaou (Pap) test

48
Q

Dorsal recumbent position

A

the patient is assisted into a supine position. the legs are sharply flexed at the knees, and the feet are placed on the table. the position is used to exaime the vagina and rectum in a female patient and the rectum in a male patient

49
Q

Sims position

A

the patient is assisted into a side-laying position on the left side. the left arm is placed behind the body, and the right arm is moved forward and flexed at the elbow. Both legs are flexed at the knee, but the right leg is sharply flexed and positioned next to the left leg, which is slightly flexed. this position is used to examine the vagina and rectum in a female patient and the rectum in a male patient. Sims position is also used to administer an enema

50
Q

Prone position

A

the patient is assisted to lie flat on the abdomen with the head turned slightly to the side. the arms are extended above the head or along side the body. prone position is used to examine the back, spine, and lower exremities

51
Q

Fowler position

A

the patient is assisted into a semisitting position. the head of the examination table is tilted to produce a 45- to 60-degree angle with the patient’s knees bent or not bent. an angle of 45 degrees or more is considered high fowlers position; an angle of approximately 30 degrees is considered semi-fowler position. this promotes lung expansion. it is used if the patient has difficulty breathing

52
Q

Supine position

A

the patient is assisted to lie flat on the back with arms at the sides. the position is used to examine the chest, heart, abdomen, and extremities. it is also used to examine the head and neck as well as in certain neurological reflex testing.

53
Q

Trendelenburg position

A

the patient is lying flat on the back, and the entire examination table is tilted with the head of the table down. the position is used for therapeutic treatment, such as postural drainage in patients who have thick respiratory secretion

54
Q

abdomin/o

A

abdomen

55
Q

caud/o

A

tail

56
Q

cephal/o

A

head

57
Q

cervic/o

A

neck; cervix uteri (neck of uterus)

58
Q

crani/o

A

cranium (skull)

59
Q

gastr/o

A

stomach

60
Q

ili/o

A

ilium (lateral, flaring portion of the hip bone)

61
Q

inguin/o

A

groin

62
Q

lumb/o

A

loins (lower back)

63
Q

pelv/i, pelv/o

A

pelvis

64
Q

spin/o

A

spine

65
Q

throrac/o

A

chest

66
Q

umbilic/o

A

umbilicus, navel

67
Q

anter/o

A

anterior, front

68
Q

dist/o

A

far, farthest

69
Q

dors/o

A

back (of the body)

70
Q

infer/o

A

lower, below

71
Q

later/o

A

side, to one side

72
Q

medi/o

A

middle

73
Q

poster/o

A

back (of the body), behind, posterior

74
Q

proxim/o

A

near, nearest

75
Q

super/o

A

upper, obove

76
Q

ventr/o

A

belly, belly side

77
Q

cyt/o

A

cell

78
Q

hist/o

A

tissue

79
Q

nucle/o

A

nucleus

80
Q

radi/o

A

radiation, x-ray; radius (lower arm bone on the thumb side)

81
Q

-ad

A

toward

82
Q

-al

A

pertaining to

83
Q

-algia, -dynia

A

pain

84
Q

-gen, -genesis

A

forming, producing, orgin

85
Q

-logist

A

specialist in the study of

86
Q

-logy

A

study of

87
Q

-lysis

A

separation; destruction; loosening

88
Q

-meter

A

instrument used to measure

89
Q

-plasia

A

formation, growth

90
Q

-toxic

A

poison

91
Q

bi-

A

two

92
Q

epi-

A

above, on

93
Q

infra-

A

below, under

94
Q

trans-

A

across, through

95
Q

adhesion

A

band of scar tissue binding anatomical surfaces that are normally separate from each other

96
Q

inflammation

A

protective response of body tissues to irritation, infection, or allergy

97
Q

sepsis

A

body’s inflammatory response to infection in which there is fever, elevated heart and respiratory rate, and low blood pressure

98
Q

endoscopy

A

visual examination of the interior of organs and cavities with a specialized lighted instrument called an endoscope

99
Q

fluoroscopy

A

radiographic procedure that uses a fluorescent screen instead of a photographic plate to produce a visual image from x-rays that pass through the patient, resulting in continuous imaging of the motion of internal structures and immediate serial images.

100
Q

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

A

radiographic technique that uses electromagnetic energy to produce multiplanar cross-sectional images of the body

101
Q

nuclear scan

A

diagnostic technique that produces an image of an organ or area by recording the concentration of a radiopharmaceutical substance called a tracer, usually introduced into the body by ingestion, inhalation or injection

102
Q

radiography

A

production of captured shadow images on photographic film through the action of ionizing radiation passing through the body from an external source

103
Q

radiopharmaceutical

A

drug that contains a radioactive substance, which travels to an area or a specific organ that will be scanned

104
Q

tomography

A

radiographic technique that produces a film representing a detailed cross-section of tissue structure at a predetermined depth

105
Q

computed tomography (CT) scan

A

narrow beam of x-rays with a contrast medium (provides more detail)or without a contrast medium that targets a specific organ or body area to produce multiple cross-sectional images for detecting pathological conditions such as tumors or metastases

106
Q

position emission tomography (PET) Scan

A

nuclear imaging study that combines CT with radiopharmaceuticals to produce a cross-sectional image of radioactive dispersements in a section of the body to reveal the area where the radiopharmaceutical is being metabolized and where there is a deficiency in metabolism; useful in evaluation Alzheimer disease and epilepsy

107
Q

Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) scan

A

nuclear imaging study that scans organs after injection of a radioactive tracer and employs a specialized gamma camera that detects emitted radiation to produce a three dimensional image from a composite of numerous views; used to show how blood blow to an organ and helps determine how well this organ is functioning

108
Q

Ultrasonography (US)

A

imaging technique that uses high frequency sound waves (ultrasound) that bounce off body tissues and are recorded to produce an image of an internal organ or tissue

Medical Terminology (15 decks)

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