Body Structure Flashcards
1
Q
anterior
A
toward the front of the body, organ, or structure
2
Q
anteroposterior
A
Pertaining to the front and back of the body or passing from the front to the back of the body
3
Q
inferior
A
pertaining to below, lower, or toward the tail
4
Q
scan
A
process of using a moving device or a sweeping beam of radiation to produce mages of an internal area, organ or tissue of the body
5
Q
Levels of organization
A
cellular level, tissue level, organ level, system level, organism level
6
Q
cellular level
A
molecules combine to form cells, the basic structural and functional units of the body
7
Q
Tissue level
A
groups of cells that work together to perform a specialized function
8
Q
organ level
A
structures that are composed of two or more different types of tissue; they have specific functions and usually have recognizable shapes
9
Q
system level
A
related organs with a common function; also called organ-system level
10
Q
organism level
A
collection of body systems that makes up the most complex level: a living human being. all parts of a the human body functioning together constitute the total organism
11
Q
Anatomical position
A
standard reference position of the body
12
Q
Adduction
A
movement toward the midline of the body
13
Q
Abduction
A
movement away from the midline of the body
14
Q
Superior (cephalic, cranial)
A
above or higher; toward the head
15
Q
Inferior (caudal)
A
below or lower; toward the tail
16
Q
Anterior (ventral)
A
front of the body; toward the front
17
Q
Posterior (dorsal)
A
back of the body; toward the back
18
Q
Medial
A
pertaining to the middle; toward the midline
19
Q
Lateral
A
pertaining to the side; toward the side
20
Q
External
A
outside, exterior to
21
Q
Internal
A
within, inferior to
22
Q
Superficial
A
toward or on the surface
23
Q
Deep
A
away from the surface
24
Q
Proximal
A
near the point of attachment to the trunk or a structure
25
Distal
farther from the point of attachment to the trunk or a structure
26
Parietal
pertaining to the outer wall of a cavity
27
Visceral
pertaining to the organs within a cavity
28
Median plane
vertical plane that passes through the midline of the body and divides the body or organ into equal right and left sides; also called midsagittal plane
29
Frontal plane
plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior portions; also call coronal plane
30
Horizontal plane
plane that separates the body into superior and inferior portions; also called transverse plane
31
Dorsal Cavity
divided into the cranial and spinal cavities containing the brain and spinal cord.
32
Ventral Cavity
Subdivided by the diaphragm into the thoracic cavity containing the heart and lungs and the abdominopelvic cavity which is divided into the abdominal and pelvic cavities
33
Right upper quadrant (RUQ)
contains: right love of the liver, the gallbladder, part of the pancreas, and part of the small and large intestine.
34
Right lower quadrant (RLQ)
contains part of the small and large intestines, the appendix, the right ovary, the right fallopian tube, and the right ureter
35
Left upper quadrant (LUQ)
Contains the left lobe of the liver, the stomach, the spleen, part of the pancreas, and part of the small and large intestine
36
Left lower quadrant (LLQ)
contains part of the small and large intestine, the left ovary, the left fallopian tube, and the left ureter
37
Right hypochondriac
upper right region located under the cartilage of the ribs
38
Left hypochondriac
upper left region located under the cartilage of the ribs
39
Right lumbar
mille right region located near the waist
40
Left lumbar
middle left region located near the waist
41
Right iliac
lower right region located near the groin (also called right inguinal region)
42
Left iliac
lower left region located near the groin (also called left inguinal region)
43
Epigastric
middle region located above the stomach
44
Umbilical
middle region located in the area of the umbilicus, or navel.
45
Hypogastric
lower middle region located below the stomach and umbilical region
46
Knee-chest postion
the patient is assisted into the kneeling position with the buttocks elevated the head and chest are on the table, and the arms are extended above the head and flexed at the elbow. this position facilitates examination of the rectum
47
Lithotomy position
the patient is assisted into a supine (laying on the back) position. the legs are sharply flexed at the knees, and the feet are placed in stirrups. the position is used for vaginal examination and the Papanicolaou (Pap) test
48
Dorsal recumbent position
the patient is assisted into a supine position. the legs are sharply flexed at the knees, and the feet are placed on the table. the position is used to exaime the vagina and rectum in a female patient and the rectum in a male patient
49
Sims position
the patient is assisted into a side-laying position on the left side. the left arm is placed behind the body, and the right arm is moved forward and flexed at the elbow. Both legs are flexed at the knee, but the right leg is sharply flexed and positioned next to the left leg, which is slightly flexed. this position is used to examine the vagina and rectum in a female patient and the rectum in a male patient. Sims position is also used to administer an enema
50
Prone position
the patient is assisted to lie flat on the abdomen with the head turned slightly to the side. the arms are extended above the head or along side the body. prone position is used to examine the back, spine, and lower exremities
51
Fowler position
the patient is assisted into a semisitting position. the head of the examination table is tilted to produce a 45- to 60-degree angle with the patient's knees bent or not bent. an angle of 45 degrees or more is considered high fowlers position; an angle of approximately 30 degrees is considered semi-fowler position. this promotes lung expansion. it is used if the patient has difficulty breathing
52
Supine position
the patient is assisted to lie flat on the back with arms at the sides. the position is used to examine the chest, heart, abdomen, and extremities. it is also used to examine the head and neck as well as in certain neurological reflex testing.
53
Trendelenburg position
the patient is lying flat on the back, and the entire examination table is tilted with the head of the table down. the position is used for therapeutic treatment, such as postural drainage in patients who have thick respiratory secretion
54
abdomin/o
abdomen
55
caud/o
tail
56
cephal/o
head
57
cervic/o
neck; cervix uteri (neck of uterus)
58
crani/o
cranium (skull)
59
gastr/o
stomach
60
ili/o
ilium (lateral, flaring portion of the hip bone)
61
inguin/o
groin
62
lumb/o
loins (lower back)
63
pelv/i, pelv/o
pelvis
64
spin/o
spine
65
throrac/o
chest
66
umbilic/o
umbilicus, navel
67
anter/o
anterior, front
68
dist/o
far, farthest
69
dors/o
back (of the body)
70
infer/o
lower, below
71
later/o
side, to one side
72
medi/o
middle
73
poster/o
back (of the body), behind, posterior
74
proxim/o
near, nearest
75
super/o
upper, obove
76
ventr/o
belly, belly side
77
cyt/o
cell
78
hist/o
tissue
79
nucle/o
nucleus
80
radi/o
radiation, x-ray; radius (lower arm bone on the thumb side)
81
-ad
toward
82
-al
pertaining to
83
-algia, -dynia
pain
84
-gen, -genesis
forming, producing, orgin
85
-logist
specialist in the study of
86
-logy
study of
87
-lysis
separation; destruction; loosening
88
-meter
instrument used to measure
89
-plasia
formation, growth
90
-toxic
poison
91
bi-
two
92
epi-
above, on
93
infra-
below, under
94
trans-
across, through
95
adhesion
band of scar tissue binding anatomical surfaces that are normally separate from each other
96
inflammation
protective response of body tissues to irritation, infection, or allergy
97
sepsis
body's inflammatory response to infection in which there is fever, elevated heart and respiratory rate, and low blood pressure
98
endoscopy
visual examination of the interior of organs and cavities with a specialized lighted instrument called an endoscope
99
fluoroscopy
radiographic procedure that uses a fluorescent screen instead of a photographic plate to produce a visual image from x-rays that pass through the patient, resulting in continuous imaging of the motion of internal structures and immediate serial images.
100
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
radiographic technique that uses electromagnetic energy to produce multiplanar cross-sectional images of the body
101
nuclear scan
diagnostic technique that produces an image of an organ or area by recording the concentration of a radiopharmaceutical substance called a tracer, usually introduced into the body by ingestion, inhalation or injection
102
radiography
production of captured shadow images on photographic film through the action of ionizing radiation passing through the body from an external source
103
radiopharmaceutical
drug that contains a radioactive substance, which travels to an area or a specific organ that will be scanned
104
tomography
radiographic technique that produces a film representing a detailed cross-section of tissue structure at a predetermined depth
105
computed tomography (CT) scan
narrow beam of x-rays with a contrast medium (provides more detail)or without a contrast medium that targets a specific organ or body area to produce multiple cross-sectional images for detecting pathological conditions such as tumors or metastases
106
position emission tomography (PET) Scan
nuclear imaging study that combines CT with radiopharmaceuticals to produce a cross-sectional image of radioactive dispersements in a section of the body to reveal the area where the radiopharmaceutical is being metabolized and where there is a deficiency in metabolism; useful in evaluation Alzheimer disease and epilepsy
107
Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) scan
nuclear imaging study that scans organs after injection of a radioactive tracer and employs a specialized gamma camera that detects emitted radiation to produce a three dimensional image from a composite of numerous views; used to show how blood blow to an organ and helps determine how well this organ is functioning
108
Ultrasonography (US)
imaging technique that uses high frequency sound waves (ultrasound) that bounce off body tissues and are recorded to produce an image of an internal organ or tissue
