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medical terminology > Blood, Lymphatic, and Immune Systems > Flashcards

Blood, Lymphatic, and Immune Systems Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

antigen

A

substance that, when entering the body, prompts and generation of antibodies, causing an immune response

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2
Q

autoimmune

A

type of immune response by the body against its own cells or tissues

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3
Q

hematopoiesis

A

production and development of blood cells, normally in the bone marrow; also called hemopoiesis

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4
Q

immune response

A

defense function of the body that protects it against invading pathogens, foreign tissues, and malignancies

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5
Q

immunodeficiency

A

decreased or compromised ability to fight disease or a condition resulting from a defective immune mechanism

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6
Q

interstitial fluid

A

fluid between cells and in tissue spaces

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7
Q

lymphocyte

A

type of white blood cell (WBC) found in the lymph nodes, spleen, bloodstream, and lymph that functions in the body’s immune system by recognizing and deactivating foreign substances (antigens)

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8
Q

monosytes

A

large WBCs formed in the bone marrow that circulate in the blood-stream and destroy pathogenic bacteria through phagocytosis

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9
Q

oncology

A

branch of medicine concerned with the study of cancerous growths (malignancies)

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10
Q

pathogens

A

any microorganism capable of producing disease

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11
Q

transfusion

A

collection of blood or blood component from a donor followed by its infusion into a recipient

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12
Q

agglutin/o

A

clumping, gluing

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13
Q

embol/o

A

embolus (plug)

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14
Q

erythro/o

A

red

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15
Q

hem/o, hemat/o

A

blood

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16
Q

leuk/o

A

white

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17
Q

myel/o

A

bone marrow; spinal cord

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18
Q

thromb/o

A

blood clot

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19
Q

ven/o

A

vein

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20
Q

aden/o

A

gland

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21
Q

immun/o

A

immune, immunity, safe

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22
Q

lymph/o

A

lymph

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23
Q

lymphaden/o

A

lymph gland (node)

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24
Q

lymphangi/o

A

lymph vessel

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25
Q

phag/o

A

swallowing, eating

26
Q

splen/o

A

spleen

27
Q

thym/o

A

thymus gland

28
Q

-emia

A

blood condition

29
Q

-phage

A

swallowing, eating

30
Q

-phylaxis

A

protection

31
Q

-poiesis

A

formation, production

32
Q

-stasis

A

standing still

33
Q

anemia

A

blood disorder characterized by a deficiency of red blood cell production and hemoglobin, increased red blood cell destruction, or blood loss

34
Q

aplastic

A

failure of bone marrow to produce stem cells because it has been damaged by disease, cancer, radiation, or chemotherapy drugs; rare but serious form of anemai

35
Q

pernicious

A

deficiency of erythrocytes resulting from inability to absorb vitamin B12 into the body, which plays a vital role in hematopoiesis

36
Q

thalassemia

A

group of hereditary anemias caused by an inability to produce hemoglobin; usually seen in people of mediterranean origin

37
Q

hemophilia

A

group of hereditary bleeding disorders characterized by a deficiency of one of he factors necessary for coagulation of blood

38
Q

leukemia

A

malignant disease of the bone marrow characterized by excessive production of leukocytes

39
Q

acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)

A

transmissible infection caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and associated with suppression of the immune system; characterized by increasing susceptibility to infection, malignancies, and neurological diseases

40
Q

Hodgkin Lymphoma

A

malignant disease originating in the lymphocytes (part of the body’s immune system) that occurs most often in young adults and characterized by the presence of unique Reed-Sternberg cells (malignant cells) in the lymph nodes; also called Hodgkin disease

41
Q

immunodeficiency disease

A

any of a group of diseases caused by a defect in the immune system and generally characterized by susceptibility to infection and chronic diseases

42
Q

Kaposi sarcoma

A

malignancy of connective tissue, including bone, fat muslce, and fibrous tissue that is commonly fatal (because the tumors readily metastasize to various organs) and closely associated with AIDS

43
Q

Lymphadenitis

A

inflammation and enlargement of the lymph nodes, usually as a result of infection

44
Q

lymphedema

A

debilitating condition of localized fluid retention and tissue swelling caused by a blockage in the lymphatic system that prevents lymph fluid in the upper limbs from draining adequately

45
Q

mononucleosis

A

acute infection caused by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and characterized by a sore throat, fever, fatigue, and enlarged lymph nodes

46
Q

multiple myeloma

A

malignant disease of bone marrow plasma cells

47
Q

non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

A

a group of more than 20 different types of lymphomas (except Hodgkin lymphoma) that occur in older adults but are not characterized by Reed-Sternberg Cells (malignant cells)

48
Q

opportunistic infection

A

any infection that results from a defective immune system that cannot defend against pathogens normally found in the environment

49
Q

bone marrow aspiration

A

removal of a small amount of tissue (bone marrow biopsy) to diagnose blood disorders, cancers, or infectious diseases or to gather cells for later infusion into a patient

50
Q

Complete blood count (CBC)

A

serious of blood tests to determine general health status as well as screening for infection, anemias, and other diseases

51
Q

ELISA

A

test to screen blood for presence of HIV antibodies or for other disease causing substances

52
Q

lymphangiography

A

radiographic examination of lymph glands and lymphatic vessels after an injection of a contrast medium to view the path of lymph flow as it moves into the chest region

53
Q

tissue typing

A

technique used to determine the histocompatibility of tissues; used in grafts and transplants with the recipients tissues and cells; also called histocompatibility test

54
Q

Western blot

A

Test to detect presence of viral DNA in the blood and used to confirm the diagnosis of AIDS as well as detecting other viruses

55
Q

blood transfusion

A

administration of whole blood or component, such as packed red cells, to replace blood lost through trauma, surgery, or disease

56
Q

bone marrow transplant

A

diseased bone marrow is destroyed by irradiation and chemotherapy and replaced from a healthy donor to simulate production of normal blood cells; used to treat aplastic anemia, leukemia, and certain cancers

57
Q

lymphagiectomy

A

removal of a lymph vessel

58
Q

immunizations

A

vaccination or injection of immune globulins to induce immunity to a particular infectious disease

59
Q

immunosuppressants

A

suppress the immune response to prevent organ rejection after transplantation or slow the progression of autoimmune disease

60
Q

vaccinations

A

introduction of altered antigens (viruses or bacteria) into the body to produce an immune response and protect against disease

medical terminology (15 decks)

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