Nervous System

Question 1

Congnition

Answer 1

process of thought–including reasoning, judgement, and perception

Question 2

nerve impulse

Answer 2

electrical signal transmitted along the nerve fiber in response to a stimulus

Question 3

neurotransmitters

Answer 3

chemicals in the brain that transmit messages between nerves cells (neurons)

Question 4

peripheral

Answer 4

pertaining to the outside, surface, or surrounding area of an organ or structure or occurring away from its center

Question 5

traumatic

Answer 5

caused by or pertaining to an injury

Question 6

vascular

Answer 6

pertaining to or composed of blood vessels

Question 7

cerebr/o

Answer 7

cerebrum

Question 8

encephal/o

Answer 8

brain

Question 9

gli/o

Answer 9

glue; neuroglial tissue

Question 10

mening/o

Answer 10

meninges (membranes covering brain and spinal cord)

Question 11

meningi/o

Answer 11

meninges (membranes covering brain and spinal cord)

Question 12

myel/o

Answer 12

bone marrow; spinal cord

Question 13

neur/o

Answer 13

nerve

Question 14

-lepsy

Answer 14

seizure

Question 15

-phasia

Answer 15

speech

Question 16

dys-

Answer 16

bad, painful, difficult

Question 17

hemi-

Answer 17

one half

Question 18

para-

Answer 18

near; beside; beyond

Question 19

quadri-

Answer 19

four

Question 20

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)

Answer 20

degenerative disorder that manifests in adult hood with symptoms of difficulty in swallowing and talking, dyspnea, and muscle weakness, and paralysis; also called Lou Gehrigs Disease (named after the baseball player who became afflicted with ALS)

Question 21

dementia

Answer 21

progressive, irreversible deterioration of mental function marked by memory impairment and, commonly, deficits in reasoning, judgement, abstract thought, comprehension, learning, task execution, and use of language

Question 22

Alzheimer disease

Answer 22

Chronic, organic brain syndrome characterized by death of neurons in the cerebral cortex and their replacement by microscopic “plaques”, which results in dementia that progresses to complete loss of mental, emotional, and physical functioning and personality changes

Question 23

epilepsy

Answer 23

disorder that results from the generation of electrical signals inside the brain, causing recurring seizures in which some people simply stare blankly for a few seconds during a seizure, whereas others have extreme convulsions

Question 24

Huntington Chorea

Answer 24

inherited, degenerative disease of the CNS with symptoms developing in middle age as nerve cells in the brain waste way, resulting in uncontrolled bizarre movements, emotional disturbances, and mental deterioration

Question 25

hydrocephalus

Answer 25

excessive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) within the ventricles of the brain that is most common in neonates, but can also occur in adults as a result of injury or disease; if left untreated, causes an enlarged head and cognitive decline

Question 26

multiple sclerosis (MS)

Answer 26

progressive degenerative disease of the CNS characterized by inflammation, hardening , and loss of myelin throughout the spinal cord and brain, which produces weakness and other muscular symptoms

Question 27

neoblastoma

Answer 27

malignant tumor composed mainly of cells resembling neuroblasts that occurs most commonly in infants and children

Question 28

neurosis

Answer 28

nonpsychotic mental illness that triggers feelings of distress and anxiety and impairs normal behavior

Question 29

palsy

Answer 29

Partial or complete loss of motor function; also called paralysis Bell: facial paralysis on one side of the face as a result of inflammation of facial nerves Cerebral: bilateral, symmetrical, nonprogressive motor dysfunction and partial paralysis, which is usually caused y damage to the cerebrum during gestation or birth trauma but can also be hereditary

Question 30

paralysis

Answer 30

loss of muscle function, loss of sensation, or both as a result of spinal cord injry

Question 31

Parkinson disease

Answer 31

Progressive neurological disorder caused by a neurotransmitter deficiency (dopamine) that affects the portion of the brain responsible for controlling movement and results in hand tremors; uncontrollable head nodding; shuffling gait; and difficulty talking, swallowing, or completing simple tasks

Question 32

Polimyelitis

Answer 32

inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord caused by virus, commonly resulting in spinal and muscle deformity and paralysis

Question 33

psycosis

Answer 33

mental disorder marked by loss of contact with reality; often with delusions an dhallucinations

Question 34

sciatica

Answer 34

severe pain in the leg along the course of the sciatic nerve, which travels from the hip to the foot

Question 35

shingles

Answer 35

chronic viral disease in which painful blisters appear on the skin along the course of a peripheral nerve that is caused by inflammation secondary to herpes zoster virus, the same virus that causes chickenpox

Question 36

spina bifida

Answer 36

congenital neural tube defect characterized by incomplete closure of the spinal canal through which the spinal cord and meninges may or may not protrude Spina bifida occulta: most common and least severe form of spina bifida without protrusion of the spinal cord or meninges spina bifida cystica: most severe type of spina bifida that incolces protrusion of the meninges (meningocele), spinal cord (myelocele), or both (meningomyelocele)

Question 37

stroke

Answer 37

inadequate supply of blood and oxygen to the brain due to a clot or ruptured blood vessel (hemorrhage), which allows brain tissue to die and becomes a medical emergency; also called cerebrovascular accident (CVA)

Question 38

Transient ischemic attack (TIA)

Answer 38

interruption in blook supply tot he brain that does not cause permanent brain damage but may be an indication of a higher risk of a more serious and debilitating condition (stroke)

Question 39

cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis

Answer 39

laboratory test that examines a sample of CSF obtained from a lumbar puncture, which is analyzed for the presence of blood, bacteria, and malignant cells as well as for the amount of protein and glucose present

Question 40

electroencephalography

Answer 40

electrodes are placed on the scalp to record electrical activity within the brain; used to evaluate seizure and sleep disorders and periods of unconsciousness, monitor brain surgeries, and determine whether a person is in a coma or brain dead

Question 41

lumbar puncture (LP)

Answer 41

insertion of a needle into the subarachnoid space of the spinal column to withdraw a sample of CSF used for biochemical, microbiological, and cytological laboratory analysis; also called spinal tap

Question 42

craniotomy

Answer 42

surgical procedure that creates an opening in the skull to gain access to the brain during neurosurgical procedures

Question 43

thalamotomy

Answer 43

partial destruction of the thalamus to treat psychosis or intractable pain

Question 44

trephination

Answer 44

excision of a circular disk of bone using a specialized saw called a trephine to reveal brain tissue during neurosurgery, or to relieve intracranial pressure (ICP)

Question 45

anesthetics

Answer 45

produce partial or complete loss of sensation with or without loss of consciousness General: produced complete loss of feeling with loss of consciousness Local: produce loss of feeling and affect a local area only

Question 46

anticonvulsants

Answer 46

prevent or control seizures

Question 47

antiparkinsonian agents

Answer 47

reduce signs and symptoms associated with Parkinson disease

Question 48

anitpsychotics

Answer 48

alter neurotransmitters in the brain to alleviate symptoms of delusions and hallucinations

Question 49

thrombolytics

Answer 49

dissolve blood clots in a process known as thrombolysis