Digestive System Flashcards
1
Q
biopsy
A
removal of a small portion of tissue from the body for microscopic examination
2
Q
endoscopic
A
pertains to the use of an endoscope to examine the interior of a hollow organ or body cavity.
3
Q
dent/o, odont/o
A
teeth
4
Q
gingiv/o
A
gum(s)
5
Q
gloss/o, lingu/o
A
tongue
6
Q
or/o, stomat/o
A
mouth
7
Q
ptyal/o
A
saliva
8
Q
sial/o
A
saliva, salivary gland
9
Q
esphag/o
A
esophagus
10
Q
gastr/o
A
stomach
11
Q
pharyng/o
A
phyarnx
12
Q
pylor/o
A
pylorus (sphincter in lower portion of stomach that open into duodenum)
13
Q
duoden/o
A
duodenum (first part of small intestine)
14
Q
enter/o
A
intestine (usually small intestine)
15
Q
jejun/o
A
jejunum (second part of small intestine)
16
Q
ile/o
A
ileum (third part of small intestine)
17
Q
an/o
A
anus
18
Q
append/o, appendic/o
A
appendix
19
Q
col/o, colon/o
A
colon
20
Q
proct/o
A
anus, rectum
21
Q
rect/o
A
rectum
22
Q
sigmoid/o
A
sigmoid colon
23
Q
cholangi/o
A
bile vessel
24
Q
chol/e
A
bile, gall
25
cholecyst/o
gallbladder
26
choledoch/o
bile duct
27
hepat/o
liver
28
pancreat/o
pancreas
29
-algia, -dynia
pain
30
-emesis
vomitting
31
-iasis
abnormal condition
32
-megaly
enlargment
33
-orexia
appetite
34
-osis
abnormal condition; increase
35
-pepsia
digestion
36
-phagia
swallowing, eating
37
-prandial
meal
38
-rrhea
discharge, flow
39
endo-
in, withing
40
hemat-
blood
41
hypo-
under, below, deficient
42
appendicitis
inflammation of the appendix, typically an acute condition caused by blockage of the appendix followed by infection that is treated with surgical removal of the inflamed appendix and antibiotic therapy
43
ascites
pathological buildup of fluid in the abdominal (peritoneal) cavity as a result of liver disease, cancer, heart failure, or kidney failure
44
borborygmus
gurgling or rumbling sound heard over the large intestine that is caused by gas moving through the intestines
45
cirrhosis
chronic liver disease characterized by destruction of liver cells that eventually leads to ineffective liver function and jaundice
46
diverticular disease
formation of bulging pouches (diverticula) throughout the colon but most commonly in the lower portion of the colon
47
dysentery
inflammation of the intestine, especially of the colon, caused by chemical irritants, bacteria, or parasites and characterized by diarrhea, colitis, and abdominal cramps
48
fistula
abnormal tunnel connecting two body cavities, such as the rectum and the vagina, or a body cavity to the skin, such as the rectum to the outside of the body, caused by an injury, infection, or inflammation
49
gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
back flow (reflux) of gastric contents into the esophagus as a result of malfunction of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES)
50
hematochezia
passage of bright red, bloody stools (usually an indication that the colon is bleeding somewhere) commonly caused by diverticulitis or hemorrhoids but may be a symptom of cancer
51
hemorrhoid
mass of enlarged, twisted varicose veins in the mucous membrane inside (internal) or just outside (external) the rectum; also called piles
52
hernia
protrusion or projection of an organ or a part of an organ through the wall of the cavity that normally contains it
Strangulated: hernia whose blood supply has been cut off, leading to necrosis with gangrene of the hernial sac and its contents; a condition that is life-threatening and requires immediate surgery
53
inflammatory bowl disease (IBD)
disorder that causes the inflammation of the intestines
54
Crohn disease
chronic IBD that may affect any portion of the intestinal tract (usually the ileum) and is distinguished from closely related bowl disorders by its inflammatory pattern, which tends to be patchy or segmented; also called regional colitis
55
ulcerative colitis
chronic IBD of the colon characterized by ulcers, constant diarrhea mixed with blood and pain
56
Irritable Bowl Syndrome (IBS)
common colon disorder characterized by constipation, diarrhea, gas, and bloating that does not cause permanent damage to the colon; also called spastic colon
57
jaundice
yellow discoloration of the skin, mucous membranes, and sclerae of the eyes caused by excessive levels of bilirubin in the blood; also called hyperbilirubinemia
58
morbid obesity
more severe obesity in which a person has a body mass index (BMI) of 40 or greater, which is generally 100Ib or more over ideal body weight
59
ulcer
open sore that may result from a perforation or lesion of the sin or mucous membrane accompanied by sloughing of inflamed necrotic (pathological death of a cell) tissue
60
volvulus
Twisting of the bowel on itself, causing obstruction
61
Barium enema (BE)
radiographic examination of the rectum and colon after administration of barium sulfate into the rectum BE is used for diagnosis of obstruction, tumors, or other abnormalities, such as ulcerative colitis
62
Barium swallow
radiographic examination of the esophagus, stomach and small intestine after oral administration of barium sulfate
63
cholangiography
radiographic examination of the bile duct with a contrast medium to reveal gallstones or other obstruction in the bile duct
64
esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)
visual examination of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum using an endoscope
65
stool guaiac
test performed on feces using the reagent gum guaiac to detect presence of blood in feces that is not apparent on cisual inspection
66
bariatric surgery
any of a group of procedures used to treat morbid obesity
67
vertical band gastroplasty
bariatric surgery in which the upper stomach near the esophagus is stapled vertically to reduce it to a small pouch and a band is inserted that restricts and delays food from leaving the pouch, causing a feeling of fullness
68
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass
bariatric surgery in which the stomach is fist stapled to decrease it to a small pouch and then the jejunum is shortened and connected to the small stomach pouch causing the base of the duodenum leading from the nonfunctioning portion of the stomach to form a Y configuration which decreases the pathway of food through the intestine reducing absorption of calories and fat
69
colostomy
excision of a diseased part of the colon and relocation of the remaining end of the healthy colon through the abdominal wall to divert fecal flow to a colostomy bag
70
lithotripsy
eliminating a stone within the gallbladder or urinary system by crushing it surgically or using a noninvasive method, such as ultrasonic shock waves, to shatterit
71
extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL)
use of shock waves as a noninvasive method to destroy stones in the gallbladder and biliary ducts
72
nasogastric intubation
insertion of a soft plastic nasogastric tube through the nostrils, past the pharynx and down the esophagus into the stomach to remove substances from the stomach;deliver medications, food, or fluids; or obtain a specimen for laboratory analysis
73
polypectomy
excision of small, tumor like, benign growths that project from a mucous membrane surface
74
antacids
neutralize acids in the stomach
75
antidiarrheals
control loose stools and relieve diarrhea by absorbing water in the bowl or slowing peristalsis in the intestinal tract
76
antiemetics
control nausea and vomiting by blocking nerve impulses to the vomiting center of the brain
77
laxatives
relieve constipation and facilitate passage of feces through lower GI tract
