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Medical Terminology > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

biopsy

A

removal of a small portion of tissue from the body for microscopic examination

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2
Q

endoscopic

A

pertains to the use of an endoscope to examine the interior of a hollow organ or body cavity.

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3
Q

dent/o, odont/o

A

teeth

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4
Q

gingiv/o

A

gum(s)

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5
Q

gloss/o, lingu/o

A

tongue

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6
Q

or/o, stomat/o

A

mouth

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7
Q

ptyal/o

A

saliva

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8
Q

sial/o

A

saliva, salivary gland

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9
Q

esphag/o

A

esophagus

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10
Q

gastr/o

A

stomach

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11
Q

pharyng/o

A

phyarnx

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12
Q

pylor/o

A

pylorus (sphincter in lower portion of stomach that open into duodenum)

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13
Q

duoden/o

A

duodenum (first part of small intestine)

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14
Q

enter/o

A

intestine (usually small intestine)

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15
Q

jejun/o

A

jejunum (second part of small intestine)

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16
Q

ile/o

A

ileum (third part of small intestine)

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17
Q

an/o

A

anus

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18
Q

append/o, appendic/o

A

appendix

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19
Q

col/o, colon/o

A

colon

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20
Q

proct/o

A

anus, rectum

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21
Q

rect/o

A

rectum

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22
Q

sigmoid/o

A

sigmoid colon

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23
Q

cholangi/o

A

bile vessel

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24
Q

chol/e

A

bile, gall

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25
Q

cholecyst/o

A

gallbladder

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26
Q

choledoch/o

A

bile duct

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27
Q

hepat/o

A

liver

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28
Q

pancreat/o

A

pancreas

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29
Q

-algia, -dynia

A

pain

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30
Q

-emesis

A

vomitting

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31
Q

-iasis

A

abnormal condition

32
Q

-megaly

A

enlargment

33
Q

-orexia

A

appetite

34
Q

-osis

A

abnormal condition; increase

35
Q

-pepsia

A

digestion

36
Q

-phagia

A

swallowing, eating

37
Q

-prandial

A

meal

38
Q

-rrhea

A

discharge, flow

39
Q

endo-

A

in, withing

40
Q

hemat-

A

blood

41
Q

hypo-

A

under, below, deficient

42
Q

appendicitis

A

inflammation of the appendix, typically an acute condition caused by blockage of the appendix followed by infection that is treated with surgical removal of the inflamed appendix and antibiotic therapy

43
Q

ascites

A

pathological buildup of fluid in the abdominal (peritoneal) cavity as a result of liver disease, cancer, heart failure, or kidney failure

44
Q

borborygmus

A

gurgling or rumbling sound heard over the large intestine that is caused by gas moving through the intestines

45
Q

cirrhosis

A

chronic liver disease characterized by destruction of liver cells that eventually leads to ineffective liver function and jaundice

46
Q

diverticular disease

A

formation of bulging pouches (diverticula) throughout the colon but most commonly in the lower portion of the colon

47
Q

dysentery

A

inflammation of the intestine, especially of the colon, caused by chemical irritants, bacteria, or parasites and characterized by diarrhea, colitis, and abdominal cramps

48
Q

fistula

A

abnormal tunnel connecting two body cavities, such as the rectum and the vagina, or a body cavity to the skin, such as the rectum to the outside of the body, caused by an injury, infection, or inflammation

49
Q

gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

A

back flow (reflux) of gastric contents into the esophagus as a result of malfunction of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES)

50
Q

hematochezia

A

passage of bright red, bloody stools (usually an indication that the colon is bleeding somewhere) commonly caused by diverticulitis or hemorrhoids but may be a symptom of cancer

51
Q

hemorrhoid

A

mass of enlarged, twisted varicose veins in the mucous membrane inside (internal) or just outside (external) the rectum; also called piles

52
Q

hernia

A

protrusion or projection of an organ or a part of an organ through the wall of the cavity that normally contains it

Strangulated: hernia whose blood supply has been cut off, leading to necrosis with gangrene of the hernial sac and its contents; a condition that is life-threatening and requires immediate surgery

53
Q

inflammatory bowl disease (IBD)

A

disorder that causes the inflammation of the intestines

54
Q

Crohn disease

A

chronic IBD that may affect any portion of the intestinal tract (usually the ileum) and is distinguished from closely related bowl disorders by its inflammatory pattern, which tends to be patchy or segmented; also called regional colitis

55
Q

ulcerative colitis

A

chronic IBD of the colon characterized by ulcers, constant diarrhea mixed with blood and pain

56
Q

Irritable Bowl Syndrome (IBS)

A

common colon disorder characterized by constipation, diarrhea, gas, and bloating that does not cause permanent damage to the colon; also called spastic colon

57
Q

jaundice

A

yellow discoloration of the skin, mucous membranes, and sclerae of the eyes caused by excessive levels of bilirubin in the blood; also called hyperbilirubinemia

58
Q

morbid obesity

A

more severe obesity in which a person has a body mass index (BMI) of 40 or greater, which is generally 100Ib or more over ideal body weight

59
Q

ulcer

A

open sore that may result from a perforation or lesion of the sin or mucous membrane accompanied by sloughing of inflamed necrotic (pathological death of a cell) tissue

60
Q

volvulus

A

Twisting of the bowel on itself, causing obstruction

61
Q

Barium enema (BE)

A

radiographic examination of the rectum and colon after administration of barium sulfate into the rectum BE is used for diagnosis of obstruction, tumors, or other abnormalities, such as ulcerative colitis

62
Q

Barium swallow

A

radiographic examination of the esophagus, stomach and small intestine after oral administration of barium sulfate

63
Q

cholangiography

A

radiographic examination of the bile duct with a contrast medium to reveal gallstones or other obstruction in the bile duct

64
Q

esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)

A

visual examination of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum using an endoscope

65
Q

stool guaiac

A

test performed on feces using the reagent gum guaiac to detect presence of blood in feces that is not apparent on cisual inspection

66
Q

bariatric surgery

A

any of a group of procedures used to treat morbid obesity

67
Q

vertical band gastroplasty

A

bariatric surgery in which the upper stomach near the esophagus is stapled vertically to reduce it to a small pouch and a band is inserted that restricts and delays food from leaving the pouch, causing a feeling of fullness

68
Q

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass

A

bariatric surgery in which the stomach is fist stapled to decrease it to a small pouch and then the jejunum is shortened and connected to the small stomach pouch causing the base of the duodenum leading from the nonfunctioning portion of the stomach to form a Y configuration which decreases the pathway of food through the intestine reducing absorption of calories and fat

69
Q

colostomy

A

excision of a diseased part of the colon and relocation of the remaining end of the healthy colon through the abdominal wall to divert fecal flow to a colostomy bag

70
Q

lithotripsy

A

eliminating a stone within the gallbladder or urinary system by crushing it surgically or using a noninvasive method, such as ultrasonic shock waves, to shatterit

71
Q

extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL)

A

use of shock waves as a noninvasive method to destroy stones in the gallbladder and biliary ducts

72
Q

nasogastric intubation

A

insertion of a soft plastic nasogastric tube through the nostrils, past the pharynx and down the esophagus into the stomach to remove substances from the stomach;deliver medications, food, or fluids; or obtain a specimen for laboratory analysis

73
Q

polypectomy

A

excision of small, tumor like, benign growths that project from a mucous membrane surface

74
Q

antacids

A

neutralize acids in the stomach

75
Q

antidiarrheals

A

control loose stools and relieve diarrhea by absorbing water in the bowl or slowing peristalsis in the intestinal tract

76
Q

antiemetics

A

control nausea and vomiting by blocking nerve impulses to the vomiting center of the brain

77
Q

laxatives

A

relieve constipation and facilitate passage of feces through lower GI tract

Medical Terminology (15 decks)

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