Reproductive System Flashcards
1
Q
fertilization
A
union of the male and female gametes to form a zygote, leading to the development of a new individual
2
Q
gamete
A
reproductive cell (spermatozoon in the male and ovum in the female)
3
Q
infertility
A
persistent inability to conceive a child
4
Q
neonate
A
infant from birth to 28 days of age
5
Q
ova
A
female reproductive cells (plural ovum)
6
Q
postpartum
A
occurring after childbirth
7
Q
amni/o
A
amnion (amniotic sac)
8
Q
cervic/o
A
neck; cervix uteri (neck of uterus)
9
Q
colp/o
A
vagina
10
Q
vagin/o
A
vagina
11
Q
galact/o
A
milk
12
Q
lact/o
A
milk
13
Q
gynec/o
A
woman, female
14
Q
hyster/o
A
uterus (womb)
15
Q
uter/o
A
uterus (womb)
16
Q
mamm/o
A
breast
17
Q
mast/o
A
breast
18
Q
men/o
A
menses, menstration
19
Q
metr/o
A
uterus (womb); measure
20
Q
mat/o
A
birth
21
Q
oophor/o
A
ovary
22
Q
perine/o
A
perineum
23
Q
salping/o
A
tube(usually fallopian or eustachian [auditory] tubes)
24
Q
vulv/o
A
vulva
25
episi/o
vulva
26
andr/o
male
27
balan/o
glans penis
28
gonad/o
gonads, sex glands
29
olig/o
scanty
30
orch/o
testis (plural, testes)
31
orchi/o
testis (plural, testes)
32
orchid/o
tesis (plural, testes)
33
test/o
testis (plural, testes
34
prostat/o
prostate gland
35
spermat/o
spermatozoa, sperm cells
36
sperm/i*
spermatozoa, sperm cells
37
sperm/o
spermatozoa, sperm cells
38
varic/o
dilated vein
39
vas/o
vessel; vas deferens; duct
40
vesicul/o
seminal vesicle
41
-arche
beginning
42
-cyesis
pregnancy
43
-gravida
pregnant women
44
-para
to bear (offspring)
45
-salpinx
tube (usually fallopian or eustachian [auditory] tubes)
46
retro-
backward, behind
47
candidiasis
vaginal fungal infection caused by Candida albicans and characterized by a curdy or cheeselike discharge and extremely itching
48
cervicitis
inflammation of the uterine cervix, which is usually the result of infection or a sexually transmitted infection
49
ectopic pregnancy
implantation of the fertilized ovum outside the uterine cavity, most commonly in the oviducts (tubal pregnancy)
50
endometriosis
presence of endometrial tissue outside (ectopic)the uterine cavity, such as the pelvis or abdomen
51
fibroid
benign neoplasm in the uterus that is composed largely of fibrous tissue; also called leiomyoma
52
fistual
abnormal tunnel connecting two body cavities, such as the rectum and the vagina, or a body cavity to the skin, such as the rectum to the outside of the body, caused by an injury, infection, or inflammation
53
vescovaginal
abnormal duct between the bladder and vagina that result in severe urine loss from the vagina
54
gestational hypertension
potentially life-threatening condition of high blood pressure; usually develops after the 20th week of pregnancy and is characterized by edema and proteinuria
55
preeclampsia
non convulsive form of gestational hypertension that, if left untreated, may progress to eclampsia
56
eclampsia
convulsive form of gestational hypertension that is a medical emergency and life-threatening tot he mother, baby, or both
57
sterility
inability of a women to become pregnant or for a man to impregnate a women
58
toxic shock syndrome (TSS)
rare, sometimes fatal, staphylococcal infection that generally occurs in menstruating women, most of whom use vaginal tampons
59
anorchism
congenital absence of one or both testes; also called anorchia
60
balanitis
inflammation of the skin covering the glans penis caused by irritation and invasion of micro organisms and commonly associated with inadequate hygiene of the prepuce and phimosis
61
benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
gradual enlargement of the prostate gland that normally occurs as a man ages and is common in men older than age 60
62
cryptorchildism
failure of one or both testicles to descend into the scrotum
63
epispadias
congenital defect in which the urethra opens on the upper side of the penis near the glans penis instead of the tip
64
hypospadias
congenital defect in which the male urethra opens on the undersurface of the penis instead of the tip
65
impotence
inability of a man to achieve or maintain a penile erection; also called erectile dysfunction
66
phimosis
stenosis or narrowing of the preputial orifice so that the foreskin cannot be pushed back over the glans penis
67
sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
any disease affecting the male or female reproductive system that is acquired as a result of sexual intercourse or other intimate contact with an infected individual; also called venereal disease
68
chlamydia
one of the most damaging STIs caused by the bacterium chlamydia trachomatis, causing cervicitis in women and urethritis in men
69
genital warts
wars in the genitalia caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) and possibly associated with cervical cancer in women
70
gonorrhea
contagious STI caused by the bacteria Neisseria gonorrhoeae and most commonly affecting the genitourinary tract and occasionally the pharynx or rectum
71
herpes genitalis
infection with herpes simplex virus type 2 of the male or female genital and anorectal skin and mucosa that may be transmitted through the placenta to the fetus during delivery
72
syphilis
infectious, chronic STI characterized by a skin lesion (chancre) typically on the genitals, rectum, or mouth, which may cause long-term complications, including death if left untreated
73
trichomoniasis
protazoal infestation of the vagina, urethra, or prostate and the most common STI affecting men and women, although symptoms are more common in women
74
colpsocopy
examination of the vagina and cervix with an optical magnifying instrument
75
hysterosalpingography
radiography of the uterus and oviducts after injection of a contrast medium
76
laparoscopy
visual examination of the abdominal cavity with a laparoscope through one or more small incisions in the abdominal wall, usually at the umbilicus
77
mammography
radiography of the breast used to diagnose benign and malignant tumors
78
papanicolaou (pap) test
microscopic analysis of a small tissue sample obtained from the cervix and vagina using a swab to detect carcinoma
79
digital rectal examination (DRE)
examination of the prostate gland by finger palpation through the anal canal and the rectum
80
prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test
blood test used to screen for prostate cancer in which elevated levels of PSA are associated with prostate enlargement and cancer
81
transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) and biopsy of the prostate
an ultrasound probe is inserted into the rectum to obtain an image of the prostate gland and collect multiple needle biopsy specimens of the prostate gland tissue where abnormalities are detected
82
cerclage
obstetric procedure in which a nonabsorbable suture is used for holding the cervix closed to prevent spontaneous abortion in a women who has an incompetent cervix
83
dilation and curettage
surgical procedure that widens the cervical canal of the uterus (dilation) so that the endometrium of the uterus can be scraped (curettage) to stop prolonged or heavy uterine bleeding, diagnose uterine abnormalities, and obtain tissue for microscopic examination
84
hysterosalpingooophorectomy
surgical removal of the uterus, a fallopian tube, and an ovary
85
lumpectomy
excision of a small primary breast tumor ("lump") and some of the normal tissue that surrounds it
86
mastectomy
complete or partial excision of one or both breasts, most commonly performed to remove malignant tumor
modified radical: mastectomy that involves excision of an entire breast, including lymph nodes in the underarm (axillary dissection)
radical: mastectomy that involves excision of an entire breast, all underarm lymph nodes, and chest wall muscles under the breast
total: mastectomy that involves excision of an entire breast, nipple, areola, and the involved overlying skin; also call simple mastectomy
87
reconstructive breast surgery
reconstruction of a breast that has been removed because of cancer or other disease; commonly possible immediately after mastectomy so the patient awakens from anesthesia with a breast mound already in place
tissue (skin) expansion: common breast reconstruction technique in which a balloon expander is inserted beneath the skin and chest muscle, saline solution is gradually injected to increase size, and the expander is replaced with a more permanent implant
transverse rectus abdominis muscle (TRAM) flap: surgical creation of a skin flap (using skin and fat from the lower half of the abdomen), which is passed under the skin to the breast area, shaped into a natural-looking breast, and sutured into place
88
tubal ligation
sterilization procedure that involves blocking both fallopian tubes by cutting or burning them and tying them off
89
circumcision
surgical removal of the foreskin or prepuce of the penis; usually performed on a male infant
90
transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)
surgical procedure to relieve obstruction caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia (excessive overgrowth of normal tissue) by insertion of a resectoscope into the penis and through the urethra to "chip away" at prostatic tissue and flush out chips using an irrigation solution
91
antifungals
treat vaginal fungal infection, such as candidiasis
92
estrogens
treat symptoms of menopause (hot flashes, vaginal dryness) through hormone replacement therapy (HRT)
93
hormone replacement therapy (HRT)
synthetic hormone use to correct a deficiency of estrogen, progesterone, testosterone, or testosterone hormone; relieve symptoms of menopause; and prevent osteoporosis in women
94
oral contraceptives (OCPs)
prevent ovulation to avoid pregnancy; also known as birht control pills
95
gonadotropins
hormonal preparation used to increase sperm count in cases of infertilitiy
96
spermicidies
method of birth control; destroy sperm by creating a highly acidic environment in the uterus
