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Medical Terminology > Special Senses: Eyes and Ears > Flashcards

Special Senses: Eyes and Ears Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

cataract

A

opacity of the lens of the eye, usually occurring as a result of aging, trauma, metabolic disease, or the adverse effect of certain medications or chemicals.

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2
Q

cornea transplantation

A

procedure in which a damaged cornea is replaced by the cornea from the eye of a human cadaver; also known as keratoplasty

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3
Q

glaucoma

A

eye disease in which increased eyeball pressure causes gradual loss of sight

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4
Q

ocular

A

pertaining to the eye or sense of sight

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5
Q

radial keratotomy

A

Surgery to correct myopia or nearsightedness, by changing the shape of the cornea (transparent part of the eye that covers the iris and pupil

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6
Q

sleep apnea

A

condition in which breathing stops for more than 10 seconds during sleep

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7
Q

blephar/o

A

eyelid

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8
Q

choroid/o

A

choroid

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9
Q

conjunctiv/o

A

conjunctiva

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10
Q

corne/o

A

cornea

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11
Q

cor/o

A

pupil

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12
Q

core/o

A

pupil

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13
Q

pupill/o

A

pupil

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14
Q

dacry/o

A

tear; lacrimal apparatus (duct, sac, or gland)

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15
Q

lacrim/o

A

tear; lacrimal apparatus (duct, sac, or gland)

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16
Q

dipl/o

A

double

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17
Q

irid/o

A

iris

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18
Q

kerat/o

A

horny tissue; hard; cornea

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19
Q

ocul/o

A

eye

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20
Q

ophthalm/o

A

eye

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21
Q

opt/o

A

eye, vison

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22
Q

retin/o

A

retina

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23
Q

acous/o

A

hearing

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24
Q

audi/o

A

hearing

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25
Q

audit/o

A

hearing

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26
Q

myring/o

A

tympanic membrane (eardrum)

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27
Q

tympan/o

A

tympanic membrane (eardrum)

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28
Q

ot/o

A

ear

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29
Q

salping

A

tube (usually fallopian or eustachian [auditory] tubes)

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30
Q

-acusis

A

hearing

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31
Q

-cusis

A

hearing

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32
Q

-opia

A

vision

33
Q

-opsia

A

vision

34
Q

-ptosis

A

prolapse, downward displacement

35
Q

exo-

A

outside, outward

36
Q

hyper-

A

excessive, above normal

37
Q

achromatopsia

A

congenital deficiency in color perception that is more common in men; also called color blindness

38
Q

astigmatism

A

Refractive disorder in which excessive curvature of the cornea or lens causes light to be scattered over the retina, rather than focuses on single point, resulting in distorted image

39
Q

cataract

A

Degenerative disease that is due mainly to the aging process in which the lens of the eye become progressively cloudy, causing decreased vision, and that is treated with cataract surgery (phacoemulsification)

40
Q

conjunctivitis

A

inflammation of the conjunctiva that can be caused by bacteria, allergy, irritation, or foreign body; also called pinkeye

41
Q

diabetic retinopathy

A

retinal damage in diabetic patients marked by aneurysmal dilation and bleeding of blood vessels or the formation of new blood vessels causing visual changes

42
Q

hordeolum

A

small, purulent, inflammatory infection of a sebaceous gland of the eyelid; also called a sty

43
Q

macular degeneration

A

deterioration of the macula, resulting in loss of central vision; most common cause of visual impairment in persons older than age 50

44
Q

photophobia

A

unusual intolerance and sensitivity to light that occurs in disorders such as meningitis, eye inflammation, measles, and rubella

45
Q

retinal detachment

A

separation of the retina from the choroid, which disrupts vision and results in blindness if not repaired

46
Q

Strabismus

A

muscular eye disorder in which the eye turns from the normal position so that they deviate in different direction

47
Q

esotropia

A

strabismus in which there is deviation of the vision axis of one eye toward that of the other eye, resulting in diplopia; also called cross-eye or convergent strabismus

48
Q

exotropia

A

strabismus in which there is deviation of the visual axis of one eye away from that of the other, resulting in diplopia; also called wall-eye or divergent strabismus

49
Q

anacusis

A

total deafness (complete loss of hearing)

50
Q

conductive

A

resulting form any condition that prevents sound waves form being transmitted to the auditory receptors

51
Q

presbycusis

A

hearing loss that gradually occurs in most individuals as they grow older

52
Q

sensorineural

A

inability of nerve stimuli to be delivered to the brain from the inner ear as a result of damage to the auditory (acoustic) nerve or cochlea; also called nerve deafness

53
Q

Ménière Disease

A

Rare disorder characterized by progressive deafness, vertigo, and tinnitus, possibly secondary to swelling of membranous structures within the labyrinth

54
Q

Otitis Media (OM)

A

Inflammation of the middle ear, which is commonly the result of an upper respiratory infection (URI) and may be treated with tympanostomy tube insertion

55
Q

otosclerosis

A

Progressive deafness secondary to ossification in the bony labyrinth of the inner ear

56
Q

tinnitus

A

Ringing or tinkling noise heard constantly or intermittently in one or both ears, even in a quiet environment, that usually results from damage to inner ear structures associated with hearing

57
Q

Vertigo

A

sensation of moving around in space or a feeling of spinning or dizziness that usually results form inner ear structure damage associated with balance and equilibrium

58
Q

tonometry

A

Test to measure the pressure inside the eye (intraocular pressure); used to screen for glaucoma

59
Q

visual acuity test

A

Standard eye examination to determine the smallest letters a person can read on a Snellen Chart or E chart, at a distance of 20 feet

60
Q

audiometry

A

test that measures hearing acuity at various sound frequencies

61
Q

otoscopy

A

visual examination of the external auditory canal and the tympanic membrane using an otoscope

62
Q

tuning fork test

A

hearing testes that use a tuning fork (instrument that produces a constant pitch when struck) that is struck and then placed against or near the bones on the side of the heard to assess nerve and bone conduction of sound

63
Q

Rinne

A

Evaluates bone conduction of sound in one ear at a time

64
Q

Weber

A

Evaluates bone conduction of sound in both ears at the same time

65
Q

cataract surgery

A

excision of a lens affected by a cataract

66
Q

phacoemulsification

A

excision of the lens by ultrasonic vibrations that break the lens into tiny particles, which are sucked out of the eye; also called small incision cataract surgery (SICS)

67
Q

iridectomy

A

excision of a portion of the iris used to relieve intraocular pressure in patients with glaucoma

68
Q

laser iridotomy

A

laser surgery that creates an opening on the rim of the iris to allow aqueous humor to flow between the anterior and posterior chambers to relieve intraocular pressure that occurs as a result of glaucoma; is replacing iridectomy because it is a safer procedure

69
Q

laser photocoagulation

A

use of a laser beam to seal leaking or hemorrhaging retinal blood vessels to treat diabetic retinopathy

70
Q

cochlear implant

A

electronic transmitter surgically implanted into the cochlea of a deaf person to restore hearing

71
Q

ear irrigation

A

process of flushing the external ear canal with sterile water or sterile saline solution to treat blockages of a foreign body or cerumen (ear wax) impaction

72
Q

myringoplasty

A

surgical repair of a performated eardrum with a tissue graft to correct hearing loss; also called tympanoplasty

73
Q

myringotomy

A

incision of the tympanic membrane eardrum to relieve pressure and drain fluid from the middle ear or to insert tympanostomy tubes in the eardrum via surgery

74
Q

Antiglaucoma agents

A

reduce intraocular pressure by decreasing the amount of aqueous humor in the eyeball either by reducing its production or by increasing its outflow

75
Q

miotics

A

cause the pupil to constrict

76
Q

mydriatics

A

cause the pupil to dilate and prepare the eye for an internal examination

77
Q

vertigo and motion sickness agents

A

decrease sensitivity of the inner ear to motion and prevent nerve impulses from the inner ear from reaching the vomiting center of the brain

78
Q

wax emulsifiers

A

loosening and help remove impacted cerumen (ear wax)

Medical Terminology (15 decks)

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