Special Senses: Eyes and Ears Flashcards
1
Q
cataract
A
opacity of the lens of the eye, usually occurring as a result of aging, trauma, metabolic disease, or the adverse effect of certain medications or chemicals.
2
Q
cornea transplantation
A
procedure in which a damaged cornea is replaced by the cornea from the eye of a human cadaver; also known as keratoplasty
3
Q
glaucoma
A
eye disease in which increased eyeball pressure causes gradual loss of sight
4
Q
ocular
A
pertaining to the eye or sense of sight
5
Q
radial keratotomy
A
Surgery to correct myopia or nearsightedness, by changing the shape of the cornea (transparent part of the eye that covers the iris and pupil
6
Q
sleep apnea
A
condition in which breathing stops for more than 10 seconds during sleep
7
Q
blephar/o
A
eyelid
8
Q
choroid/o
A
choroid
9
Q
conjunctiv/o
A
conjunctiva
10
Q
corne/o
A
cornea
11
Q
cor/o
A
pupil
12
Q
core/o
A
pupil
13
Q
pupill/o
A
pupil
14
Q
dacry/o
A
tear; lacrimal apparatus (duct, sac, or gland)
15
Q
lacrim/o
A
tear; lacrimal apparatus (duct, sac, or gland)
16
Q
dipl/o
A
double
17
Q
irid/o
A
iris
18
Q
kerat/o
A
horny tissue; hard; cornea
19
Q
ocul/o
A
eye
20
Q
ophthalm/o
A
eye
21
Q
opt/o
A
eye, vison
22
Q
retin/o
A
retina
23
Q
acous/o
A
hearing
24
Q
audi/o
A
hearing
25
audit/o
hearing
26
myring/o
tympanic membrane (eardrum)
27
tympan/o
tympanic membrane (eardrum)
28
ot/o
ear
29
salping
tube (usually fallopian or eustachian [auditory] tubes)
30
-acusis
hearing
31
-cusis
hearing
32
-opia
vision
33
-opsia
vision
34
-ptosis
prolapse, downward displacement
35
exo-
outside, outward
36
hyper-
excessive, above normal
37
achromatopsia
congenital deficiency in color perception that is more common in men; also called color blindness
38
astigmatism
Refractive disorder in which excessive curvature of the cornea or lens causes light to be scattered over the retina, rather than focuses on single point, resulting in distorted image
39
cataract
Degenerative disease that is due mainly to the aging process in which the lens of the eye become progressively cloudy, causing decreased vision, and that is treated with cataract surgery (phacoemulsification)
40
conjunctivitis
inflammation of the conjunctiva that can be caused by bacteria, allergy, irritation, or foreign body; also called pinkeye
41
diabetic retinopathy
retinal damage in diabetic patients marked by aneurysmal dilation and bleeding of blood vessels or the formation of new blood vessels causing visual changes
42
hordeolum
small, purulent, inflammatory infection of a sebaceous gland of the eyelid; also called a sty
43
macular degeneration
deterioration of the macula, resulting in loss of central vision; most common cause of visual impairment in persons older than age 50
44
photophobia
unusual intolerance and sensitivity to light that occurs in disorders such as meningitis, eye inflammation, measles, and rubella
45
retinal detachment
separation of the retina from the choroid, which disrupts vision and results in blindness if not repaired
46
Strabismus
muscular eye disorder in which the eye turns from the normal position so that they deviate in different direction
47
esotropia
strabismus in which there is deviation of the vision axis of one eye toward that of the other eye, resulting in diplopia; also called cross-eye or convergent strabismus
48
exotropia
strabismus in which there is deviation of the visual axis of one eye away from that of the other, resulting in diplopia; also called wall-eye or divergent strabismus
49
anacusis
total deafness (complete loss of hearing)
50
conductive
resulting form any condition that prevents sound waves form being transmitted to the auditory receptors
51
presbycusis
hearing loss that gradually occurs in most individuals as they grow older
52
sensorineural
inability of nerve stimuli to be delivered to the brain from the inner ear as a result of damage to the auditory (acoustic) nerve or cochlea; also called nerve deafness
53
Ménière Disease
Rare disorder characterized by progressive deafness, vertigo, and tinnitus, possibly secondary to swelling of membranous structures within the labyrinth
54
Otitis Media (OM)
Inflammation of the middle ear, which is commonly the result of an upper respiratory infection (URI) and may be treated with tympanostomy tube insertion
55
otosclerosis
Progressive deafness secondary to ossification in the bony labyrinth of the inner ear
56
tinnitus
Ringing or tinkling noise heard constantly or intermittently in one or both ears, even in a quiet environment, that usually results from damage to inner ear structures associated with hearing
57
Vertigo
sensation of moving around in space or a feeling of spinning or dizziness that usually results form inner ear structure damage associated with balance and equilibrium
58
tonometry
Test to measure the pressure inside the eye (intraocular pressure); used to screen for glaucoma
59
visual acuity test
Standard eye examination to determine the smallest letters a person can read on a Snellen Chart or E chart, at a distance of 20 feet
60
audiometry
test that measures hearing acuity at various sound frequencies
61
otoscopy
visual examination of the external auditory canal and the tympanic membrane using an otoscope
62
tuning fork test
hearing testes that use a tuning fork (instrument that produces a constant pitch when struck) that is struck and then placed against or near the bones on the side of the heard to assess nerve and bone conduction of sound
63
Rinne
Evaluates bone conduction of sound in one ear at a time
64
Weber
Evaluates bone conduction of sound in both ears at the same time
65
cataract surgery
excision of a lens affected by a cataract
66
phacoemulsification
excision of the lens by ultrasonic vibrations that break the lens into tiny particles, which are sucked out of the eye; also called small incision cataract surgery (SICS)
67
iridectomy
excision of a portion of the iris used to relieve intraocular pressure in patients with glaucoma
68
laser iridotomy
laser surgery that creates an opening on the rim of the iris to allow aqueous humor to flow between the anterior and posterior chambers to relieve intraocular pressure that occurs as a result of glaucoma; is replacing iridectomy because it is a safer procedure
69
laser photocoagulation
use of a laser beam to seal leaking or hemorrhaging retinal blood vessels to treat diabetic retinopathy
70
cochlear implant
electronic transmitter surgically implanted into the cochlea of a deaf person to restore hearing
71
ear irrigation
process of flushing the external ear canal with sterile water or sterile saline solution to treat blockages of a foreign body or cerumen (ear wax) impaction
72
myringoplasty
surgical repair of a performated eardrum with a tissue graft to correct hearing loss; also called tympanoplasty
73
myringotomy
incision of the tympanic membrane eardrum to relieve pressure and drain fluid from the middle ear or to insert tympanostomy tubes in the eardrum via surgery
74
Antiglaucoma agents
reduce intraocular pressure by decreasing the amount of aqueous humor in the eyeball either by reducing its production or by increasing its outflow
75
miotics
cause the pupil to constrict
76
mydriatics
cause the pupil to dilate and prepare the eye for an internal examination
77
vertigo and motion sickness agents
decrease sensitivity of the inner ear to motion and prevent nerve impulses from the inner ear from reaching the vomiting center of the brain
78
wax emulsifiers
loosening and help remove impacted cerumen (ear wax)
