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Medical Terminology > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

diagnosis

A

identification of a disease or condition by a scientific evaluation of physical signs, symptoms, history, laboratory test results, and procedures

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2
Q

pulmonary

A

pertaining to the lungs or the respiratory system

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3
Q

repiration

A

molecular exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide within the body’s tissues

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4
Q

external respiration

A

oxygen is inhaled into the lungs and absorbed into the bloodstream. carbon dioxide leaves the blood strream and enters the lungs where it is excelled during exhalation

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5
Q

internal respiration

A

oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged at the cellular level. oxygen leaves the bloodstream and is delivered to the tissue cells where it is used for energy. in exchange for carbon dioxide enters the bloostream from the tissues and is transported back to the lungs for removal

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6
Q

adenoid/o

A

adenoids

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7
Q

laryng/o

A

larynx

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8
Q

nas/o

rhin/o

A

nose

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9
Q

pharyng/o

A

pharynx

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10
Q

tonsill/o

A

tonsils

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11
Q

trache/o

A

trachea

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12
Q

alveol/o

A

alveolus; air sac

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13
Q

bronch/o

bronchi

A

bronchus

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14
Q

bronchiol/o

A

bronchiole

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15
Q

phren/o

A

diaphragm

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16
Q

pleur/o

A

pleura

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17
Q

pneum/o

pneumon/o

A

air;lung

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18
Q

pulmon.o

A

lung

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19
Q

thoac/o

A

chest

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20
Q

aer/o

A

air

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21
Q

cyan/o

A

blue

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22
Q

muc/o

A

mucus

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23
Q

myc/o

A

fungus

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24
Q

orth/o

A

straight

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25
Q

py/o

A

pus

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26
Q

brady-

A

slow

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27
Q

eu-

A

good, normal

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28
Q

tachy-

A

rapid

29
Q

crackles

A

fine crackling or bubbling sounds, commonly heard during inspiration when there is fluid in the alveoli; also called rales

30
Q

friction rub

A

dry, grating sound heard with a stethoscope during auscultation (listening for sounds within the body)

31
Q

rhonchi

A

loud coarse or snoring sounds heard during inspiration or expiration; caused by obstructed airways

32
Q

stridor

A

high-pitched whistling sounds, usually during expiration; caused by narrowing of an airway

33
Q

acidosis

A

excessive acidity of blood as a result of an accumulation of acids or an excessive loss of bicarbonate caused by abnormally high levels of carbon dioxide in the body

34
Q

acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

A

life-threatening build-up of fluid in the air sacs, caused by vomit into the lungs, inhaling chemicals, pneumonia, septic shock, or trauma, that prevent enough oxygen from passing into the bloodstream

35
Q

anosmia

A

absence or decrease in the sense of smell

36
Q

anoxia

A

total absence of oxygen in body tissues; caused by a lack of oxygen in inhaled air or by obstruction that prevents oxygen from reaching the lungs

37
Q

asphyxia

A

condition of insufficient intake of oxygen as a result of choking, toxic gasses, electric shock, drugs, drowning, smoking, or trauma

38
Q

asthma

A

inflammatory airway disorder that results in attacks of wheezing, shortness of breath that gets worse with exercise or activity, and coughing

39
Q

atelectasis

A

collapse of lung tissue, which prevents the respiratory exchange of exygen and carbon dioxide and is caused by various conditions including obstruction of foreign bodies, excessive secretion, or pressure on the lung from a tumor

40
Q

bronchitis

A

acute or chronic inflammation of mucous membranes of the bronchial airways caused by irritation, infection, or both

41
Q

coryza

A

acute inflammation of the nasal passages accompanied by profuse nasal discharge; also called a cold

42
Q

croup

A

acute respiratory syndrome that occures primarily in children and infants and is characterized by laryngeal obstruction and spasm, barking cough, and stidor

43
Q

cystic fibrosis (CF)

A

genetic disease that is one of the most common types of chronic lung disease in children and young adults and causes thick, sticky mucus to build up in the lungs and digestive tract, possibly resulting in early death

44
Q

emphysema

A

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) that makes it difficult to breathe and is characterized by loss of elasticity of the lung tissue that causes the small airways to collapse forces forced exhalation

45
Q

epistaxis

A

hemorrhage from the nose; nosebleed

46
Q

hypercapnia

A

greater than normal amounts of carbon dioxide in the blood

47
Q

hypoxemia

A

deficiency of oxygen in the blood; usually a sign of respiratory impairment

48
Q

hypoxia

A

deficiency of oxygen in body tissues; usually a sign of respiratory impairment

49
Q

influenza

A

acute, contagious respiratory infection characterized by sudden onset of fever, chills, headache, and muscle pain

50
Q

otitis media (OM)

A

inflammation of the middle ear, commonly result of an upper respiratory infection (URI) with symptoms of otodynia; may be treated with myringotomy or tympanostomy tubes

51
Q

exudative

A

OM with the presence of fluid, such as pus or serum

52
Q

pertussis

A

acute infectious disease characterized by a “whoop” sounding cough also called Whooping cough

53
Q

pleurisy

A

inflammation of the pleural membrane characterized by a stabbing pain that is intensified by deep breathing or coughing

54
Q

pneumothorax

A

collection of air or gas in the pleural cavity, causing the complete or partial collapse of a lung

55
Q

sudden infant death syndrome

A

completely unexpected and unexplained death of an apparently well, or virtually well infant

56
Q

arterial blood gases (ABGs)

A

group of tests that measure the oxygen and carbon dioxide concentration in an artierial blood sample

57
Q

mantoux test

A

intradermal test to determine recent or past exposure to tuberculosis (TB)

58
Q

polysomnography (PSG)

A

sleep study monitored by a technician while patient sleeps; used to evaluate physical factors affecting sleep, such as heart rate and activity breathing, eye and muscle movement, snoring, kicking during sleep, and sleep cycles and stages

59
Q

pulmonary function test (PFTs)

A

various tests used to determine the capacity of the lungs to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide efficiently

60
Q

spirometry

A

common lung function test that measures and records the volume and rate of inhaled and exhaled air; used to assess pulmonary function by means of a spirometer and to assess obstructive lung diseases.

61
Q

cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

A

basic emergency procedure for life support, consisting of artificial respiration and manual external cardiac massage

62
Q

endotracheal intubation

A

procedure in which an airway is inserted through them mouth or nose into the trachea just above the bronchi in patients who are unable to breathe on their own

63
Q

postural drainage

A

use of body positioning to assist in the removal of secretion from specific lobes of the lung, bronchi, and lung cavities

64
Q

thoracocentiesis

A

use of a needle to collect pleural fluid for laboratory analysis or to remove excess pleural fluid or air from the pleural space

65
Q

tracheostomy

A

incision into the trachea and creation of a permanent opening through which a tracheostomy tube is inserted to keep the opening patent

66
Q

bronchodilators

A

dilate constricted airways by relaxing muscle spasms in the bronchial tubes through oral administration or inhalation via a metered-dose inhaler (MDI)

67
Q

corticosteroids

A

suppress the inflammatory reaction that causes swelling and narrowing of the bronchi

68
Q

expectorants

A

improve the ability to cough up mucus from the respiratory tract

Medical Terminology (15 decks)

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