Urinary System Flashcards
urinary system consists of the – which produce urine, and supporting tubules to store and eliminate urine from the body
kidneys
in addition to the kidneys, – can also act as an excretory organ
skin
urinary system also regulates – by means of blood volume
blood pressure
urinary system also adjusts – and regulates osmotic concentrations of the blood
blood pH
After being filtered in the kidneys, urine moves toward the bladder via – which are tubes that connect each kidney to the bladder
ureter
urine is stored in the –
bladder
urine leaves the body through the –
urethra
in males, the urethra is relatively – and must be shared with the reproductive system
long
in females the urethra is shorter and is only used for –
urine passage
the kidneys are located above the – and between the peritoneum and the posterior wall of the abdomen
waist
peritoneum is the membrane that lines the –
abdominal cavity
kidneys location can be described as – because they are found posterior to the peritoneum
retroperitoneal
kidneys are secured by several layers of – including a layer of fat
connective tissue
each kidney has an – that is located on top
adrenal gland
outer region of the kidney
cortex
middle portion of kidney
renal medulla
inner portion of kidney
renal pelvis
– are branches off the aorta and carry blood into the kidneys
renal arteries
– carry blood away from the kidneys towards the inferior vena cava
renal veins
indentation where the ureter, renal artery, and renal vein attach to each kidney is the –
renal hilus
within the renal medulla of each kidney, there are triangular chunks of tissue called –
renal pyramids
within renal pyramids and extending into the renal cortex are about one million – per kidney
nephrons
nephrons are – that actually produce urine
microscopic tubules
T/F: nephrons are twisted along itself
true
two parts of the renal corpuscle
glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule
glomerulus is a network of –
capillaries
the glomerulus is surrounded by the –
Bowman’s capsule
T/F: there is no direct connection between the glomerulus and the Bowman’s capsule but instead there is a space between the two
true
– carry blood into the glomerulus, where blood pressure pushes certain components of the blood into the Bowman’s capsule
afferent arterioles
– carry blood out of the glomerulus
efferent arterioles
only components that are – should enter the Bowman’s capsule
small
T/F: blood cells and plasma proteins enter the Bowman’s capsule
false
materials that enter the Bowman’s capsule (water, small nutrients, ions, nitrogenous wastes, gases) are referred to as – and have about the same osmotic concentration as the plasma
filtrate
about – percent of filtrate that enters the nephron should be reabsorbed back into the bloodstream
99
any components remaining in the nephron once filtration and reabsorption is complete will be lost as – and will be much more concentrated than plasma
urine
– allows for reabsorption of nutrients such as glucose and amino acids, water, salt, and ions (most reabsorption)
proximal convoluted tubule
– allows for reabsorption, primarily of salt (NaCl) and water by osmosis
loop of Henle
the loop of Henle contains a fairly complex – multiplier system
countercurrent
as salt is actively pumped out of the –, it creates a high osmotic pressure that draws water out of the descending limb via osmosis
ascending limb
fresh filtrate enters the loop of Henle, pushing – from the descending limb into the ascending limb
existing filtrate
– is where the fine tuning of filtrate concentration begins
distal convoluted tubule
the more water reabsorbed into the distal convoluted tubule, the more – the urine
concentrated
the more concentrated the urine, the – urine volume, and the higher blood volume
lower
T/F: the collecting duct can be shared by several nephrons
true
the remaining urine empties into the – where it will move toward the real pelvis and ultimately to the ureter and bladder
collecting duct
