Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

urinary system consists of the – which produce urine, and supporting tubules to store and eliminate urine from the body

A

kidneys

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2
Q

in addition to the kidneys, – can also act as an excretory organ

A

skin

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3
Q

urinary system also regulates – by means of blood volume

A

blood pressure

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4
Q

urinary system also adjusts – and regulates osmotic concentrations of the blood

A

blood pH

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5
Q

After being filtered in the kidneys, urine moves toward the bladder via – which are tubes that connect each kidney to the bladder

A

ureter

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6
Q

urine is stored in the –

A

bladder

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7
Q

urine leaves the body through the –

A

urethra

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8
Q

in males, the urethra is relatively – and must be shared with the reproductive system

A

long

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9
Q

in females the urethra is shorter and is only used for –

A

urine passage

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10
Q

the kidneys are located above the – and between the peritoneum and the posterior wall of the abdomen

A

waist

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11
Q

peritoneum is the membrane that lines the –

A

abdominal cavity

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12
Q

kidneys location can be described as – because they are found posterior to the peritoneum

A

retroperitoneal

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13
Q

kidneys are secured by several layers of – including a layer of fat

A

connective tissue

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14
Q

each kidney has an – that is located on top

A

adrenal gland

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15
Q

outer region of the kidney

A

cortex

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16
Q

middle portion of kidney

A

renal medulla

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17
Q

inner portion of kidney

A

renal pelvis

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18
Q

– are branches off the aorta and carry blood into the kidneys

A

renal arteries

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19
Q

– carry blood away from the kidneys towards the inferior vena cava

A

renal veins

20
Q

indentation where the ureter, renal artery, and renal vein attach to each kidney is the –

A

renal hilus

21
Q

within the renal medulla of each kidney, there are triangular chunks of tissue called –

A

renal pyramids

22
Q

within renal pyramids and extending into the renal cortex are about one million – per kidney

A

nephrons

23
Q

nephrons are – that actually produce urine

A

microscopic tubules

24
Q

T/F: nephrons are twisted along itself

A

true

25
Q

two parts of the renal corpuscle

A

glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule

26
Q

glomerulus is a network of –

A

capillaries

27
Q

the glomerulus is surrounded by the –

A

Bowman’s capsule

28
Q

T/F: there is no direct connection between the glomerulus and the Bowman’s capsule but instead there is a space between the two

A

true

29
Q

– carry blood into the glomerulus, where blood pressure pushes certain components of the blood into the Bowman’s capsule

A

afferent arterioles

30
Q

– carry blood out of the glomerulus

A

efferent arterioles

31
Q

only components that are – should enter the Bowman’s capsule

A

small

32
Q

T/F: blood cells and plasma proteins enter the Bowman’s capsule

A

false

33
Q

materials that enter the Bowman’s capsule (water, small nutrients, ions, nitrogenous wastes, gases) are referred to as – and have about the same osmotic concentration as the plasma

A

filtrate

34
Q

about – percent of filtrate that enters the nephron should be reabsorbed back into the bloodstream

A

99

35
Q

any components remaining in the nephron once filtration and reabsorption is complete will be lost as – and will be much more concentrated than plasma

A

urine

36
Q

– allows for reabsorption of nutrients such as glucose and amino acids, water, salt, and ions (most reabsorption)

A

proximal convoluted tubule

37
Q

– allows for reabsorption, primarily of salt (NaCl) and water by osmosis

A

loop of Henle

38
Q

the loop of Henle contains a fairly complex – multiplier system

A

countercurrent

39
Q

as salt is actively pumped out of the –, it creates a high osmotic pressure that draws water out of the descending limb via osmosis

A

ascending limb

40
Q

fresh filtrate enters the loop of Henle, pushing – from the descending limb into the ascending limb

A

existing filtrate

41
Q

– is where the fine tuning of filtrate concentration begins

A

distal convoluted tubule

42
Q

the more water reabsorbed into the distal convoluted tubule, the more – the urine

A

concentrated

43
Q

the more concentrated the urine, the – urine volume, and the higher blood volume

A

lower

44
Q

T/F: the collecting duct can be shared by several nephrons

A

true

45
Q

the remaining urine empties into the – where it will move toward the real pelvis and ultimately to the ureter and bladder

A

collecting duct