Female Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

female reproductive system is enclosed within the – and is open to the external environment

A

abdominal cavity

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2
Q

egg production occurs in the

A

ovaries

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3
Q

sperm should meet with the egg in the – where fertilization will occur

A

fallopian tube (oviduct)

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4
Q

fallopian tubes merge into the –

A

uterus

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5
Q

the uterus is composed of the muscular myometrium and the vascularized lining called

A

endometrium

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6
Q

if fertilization doesn’t occur, the egg will be lost with the shedding of the endometrium which occurs about every – during menstruation

A

28 days

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7
Q

– serves as an entry point for sperm to enter the system

A

vagina

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8
Q

the vagina serves as exit point for –

A

menstrual fluids

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9
Q

birth canal

A

vagina

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10
Q

pH of the vagina is – which discourage the growth of certain pathogens

A

acidic

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11
Q

– regulates the opening of the uterus into the vagina and is normally narrow

A

cervix

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12
Q

During the first five days, the existing endometrium is lost via – as arteries serving the endometrium constrict

A

menstrual fluid

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13
Q

during the second week of the cycle, the primary event in the uterus is the – to replace the endometrium that was lost

A

proliferation of cells

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14
Q

during the last two weeks of the cycle, hormones are secreted to prepare the endometrium for –, if an embryo is present

A

implantation

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15
Q

as the 28th day of the menstrual (uterine) cycle approaches the – deteriorates and menses will soon begin as the cycle restarts

A

endometrium

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16
Q

this phase consists of the event prior to ovulation and lasts from days 1 to 13 of the cycle

A

preovulatory phase

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17
Q

preovulatory phase corresponds to – and – of the menstrual cycle

A

menses and proliferative phase

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18
Q

ovulation occurs on day – of the cycle

A

14

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19
Q

rupture of a – in the ovary and subsequent release of an egg to the fallopian tube constitutes ovulation

A

follicle

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20
Q

during this phase, the egg is released and may be fertilized

A

postovulatory phase

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21
Q

postovulatory phase lasts from days 15 to 28 and corresponds to the – of the menstrual cycle

A

secretory phase

22
Q

if an egg is fertilized the embryo would implant into the – during the posovulatory phase

A

endometrium

23
Q

event leading to the ovulation of an egg are termed – and regulated through the ovarian cycle

A

oogenesis

24
Q

within the ovaries, the process of meiosis begins –

A

before a female’s birth

25
Q

follicle consists of a potential egg cell – surrounded by a shell of follicular cells to support the egg

A

oocyte

26
Q

the number of primary follicles is set at birth and is around –

A

700,000

27
Q

by the time a female reaches puberty at age 12-14, as few as – follicles remain

A

200,000

28
Q

at birth, the oocytes are arrested in – but will resume if they mature and will arrest again at –

A

prophase I, metaphase II

29
Q

oocyte will only complete meiosis if – occurs

A

fertilization

30
Q

the ability to perform the ovarian cycle will end at –

A

menopause

31
Q

at menopause ovaries are no longer sensitive to – and –

A

FSH and LH

32
Q

levels of estrogen and progesterone – and the ovaries atrophy

A

decrease

33
Q

during the preovulatory phase, a few follicle will resume meiosis and begin growing as –

A

primary oocytes

34
Q

starting day 1 of the ovarian cycle, the anterior pituitary secretes

A

FSH and LH

35
Q

hypothalamus produces – which stimulates the release of FSH and LH

A

GnRH, gonadotropin releasing hormone

36
Q

cause the growth of several follicles that begin to produce estrogen

A

FSH

37
Q

estrogen is at its highest level during the – of the cycle, which corresponds to the rebuilding of the endometrium after menstruation

A

second week

38
Q

during the second week, estrogen increases stimulating the hypothalamus to release more GnRH which leads to an increase in FSH and LH –>

A

surge in LH

39
Q

surge in LH cause the oocyte to complete meiosis I and arrest at metaphase II forming a –

A

secondary oocyte

40
Q

surge in LH also causes the – of the follicle within the ovary

A

rupture

41
Q

the remains of the follicle in the ovary become the – which will secrete estrogen and progesterone under the stimulation of LH

A

corpus luteum

42
Q

estrogen and progesterone combination wil inhibit the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary and suppress FSH and LH production so that – during this cycle

A

no more eggs are released

43
Q

without the – the levels of estrogen and progesterone decline

A

corpus luteum

44
Q

lack of these hormones, particularly – is the cause of menstruation (which can only occur when these levels are low)

A

progesterone

45
Q

the remnants of the follicle remain in the –

A

ovary

46
Q

if the oocyte is fertilized – will complete resulting in a mature egg (ovum)

A

meiosis II

47
Q

only one mature egg is needed during ovulation so the remaining three cells produced during meiosis are termed –

A

polar bodies

48
Q

if more than one egg is released on a given cycle, the potential exists for multiple fertilizations and multiple embryos resulting in –

A

fraternal twins or triplets

49
Q

the lack of estrogen and progesterone, allows the pituitary glands to begin secreting – and - to begin a new cycle

A

FSH and LH

50
Q

because estrogen and progesterone have the ability to – the actions of FSH and LH, they are used in birth control

A

suppress