Female Reproductive System

Question 1

female reproductive system is enclosed within the – and is open to the external environment

Answer 1

abdominal cavity

Question 2

egg production occurs in the

Answer 2

ovaries

Question 3

sperm should meet with the egg in the – where fertilization will occur

Answer 3

fallopian tube (oviduct)

Question 4

fallopian tubes merge into the –

Answer 4

uterus

Question 5

the uterus is composed of the muscular myometrium and the vascularized lining called

Answer 5

endometrium

Question 6

if fertilization doesn’t occur, the egg will be lost with the shedding of the endometrium which occurs about every – during menstruation

Answer 6

28 days

Question 7

– serves as an entry point for sperm to enter the system

Answer 7

vagina

Question 8

the vagina serves as exit point for –

Answer 8

menstrual fluids

Question 9

birth canal

Answer 9

vagina

Question 10

pH of the vagina is – which discourage the growth of certain pathogens

Answer 10

acidic

Question 11

– regulates the opening of the uterus into the vagina and is normally narrow

Answer 11

cervix

Question 12

During the first five days, the existing endometrium is lost via – as arteries serving the endometrium constrict

Answer 12

menstrual fluid

Question 13

during the second week of the cycle, the primary event in the uterus is the – to replace the endometrium that was lost

Answer 13

proliferation of cells

Question 14

during the last two weeks of the cycle, hormones are secreted to prepare the endometrium for –, if an embryo is present

Answer 14

implantation

Question 15

as the 28th day of the menstrual (uterine) cycle approaches the – deteriorates and menses will soon begin as the cycle restarts

Answer 15

endometrium

Question 16

this phase consists of the event prior to ovulation and lasts from days 1 to 13 of the cycle

Answer 16

preovulatory phase

Question 17

preovulatory phase corresponds to – and – of the menstrual cycle

Answer 17

menses and proliferative phase

Question 18

ovulation occurs on day – of the cycle

Answer 18

14

Question 19

rupture of a – in the ovary and subsequent release of an egg to the fallopian tube constitutes ovulation

Answer 19

follicle

Question 20

during this phase, the egg is released and may be fertilized

Answer 20

postovulatory phase

Question 21

postovulatory phase lasts from days 15 to 28 and corresponds to the – of the menstrual cycle

Answer 21

secretory phase

Question 22

if an egg is fertilized the embryo would implant into the – during the posovulatory phase

Answer 22

endometrium

Question 23

event leading to the ovulation of an egg are termed – and regulated through the ovarian cycle

Answer 23

oogenesis

Question 24

within the ovaries, the process of meiosis begins –

Answer 24

before a female’s birth

Question 25

follicle consists of a potential egg cell -- surrounded by a shell of follicular cells to support the egg

Answer 25

oocyte

Question 26

the number of primary follicles is set at birth and is around --

Answer 26

700,000

Question 27

by the time a female reaches puberty at age 12-14, as few as -- follicles remain

Answer 27

200,000

Question 28

at birth, the oocytes are arrested in -- but will resume if they mature and will arrest again at --

Answer 28

prophase I, metaphase II

Question 29

oocyte will only complete meiosis if -- occurs

Answer 29

fertilization

Question 30

the ability to perform the ovarian cycle will end at --

Answer 30

menopause

Question 31

at menopause ovaries are no longer sensitive to -- and --

Answer 31

FSH and LH

Question 32

levels of estrogen and progesterone -- and the ovaries atrophy

Answer 32

decrease

Question 33

during the preovulatory phase, a few follicle will resume meiosis and begin growing as --

Answer 33

primary oocytes

Question 34

starting day 1 of the ovarian cycle, the anterior pituitary secretes

Answer 34

FSH and LH

Question 35

hypothalamus produces -- which stimulates the release of FSH and LH

Answer 35

GnRH, gonadotropin releasing hormone

Question 36

cause the growth of several follicles that begin to produce estrogen

Answer 36

FSH

Question 37

estrogen is at its highest level during the -- of the cycle, which corresponds to the rebuilding of the endometrium after menstruation

Answer 37

second week

Question 38

during the second week, estrogen increases stimulating the hypothalamus to release more GnRH which leads to an increase in FSH and LH -->

Answer 38

surge in LH

Question 39

surge in LH cause the oocyte to complete meiosis I and arrest at metaphase II forming a --

Answer 39

secondary oocyte

Question 40

surge in LH also causes the -- of the follicle within the ovary

Answer 40

rupture

Question 41

the remains of the follicle in the ovary become the -- which will secrete estrogen and progesterone under the stimulation of LH

Answer 41

corpus luteum

Question 42

estrogen and progesterone combination wil inhibit the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary and suppress FSH and LH production so that -- during this cycle

Answer 42

no more eggs are released

Question 43

without the -- the levels of estrogen and progesterone decline

Answer 43

corpus luteum

Question 44

lack of these hormones, particularly -- is the cause of menstruation (which can only occur when these levels are low)

Answer 44

progesterone

Question 45

the remnants of the follicle remain in the --

Answer 45

ovary

Question 46

if the oocyte is fertilized -- will complete resulting in a mature egg (ovum)

Answer 46

meiosis II

Question 47

only one mature egg is needed during ovulation so the remaining three cells produced during meiosis are termed --

Answer 47

polar bodies

Question 48

if more than one egg is released on a given cycle, the potential exists for multiple fertilizations and multiple embryos resulting in --

Answer 48

fraternal twins or triplets

Question 49

the lack of estrogen and progesterone, allows the pituitary glands to begin secreting -- and - to begin a new cycle

Answer 49

FSH and LH

Question 50

because estrogen and progesterone have the ability to -- the actions of FSH and LH, they are used in birth control

Answer 50

suppress