Heart Flashcards
– cardiac muscle of the heart
myocardium
blood essentially flows in – loops or circuits within the body
two
– side of the heart receives deoxygenated blood from the body and pumps this blood to the lungs to be oxygenated
right
right side is considered part of the – circuit
pulmonary
– side of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it to the body
left
left side is considered part of the – circuit
systemic
a fluid-filled sac called – surrounds the entire heart
pericardium
thick barricade between the two sides of the heart
septum
atrium and ventricle is separated by
atrioventricular (AV) valves
– is between the right atrium and right ventricle
tricuspid valve
– is between the left atrium and left ventricle
bicuspid (mitral) valve
– regulate the flow of blood out of the ventricles
semilunar valves
– regulate blood leaving the right ventricle
pulmonary semilunar valve
– regulate blood leaving left ventricle
aortic semilunar valve
pulmonary circuit begins when veins within the body merge into the – which lie on the dorsal wall of the thoracic and abdominal cavities
venae cavae
– venae cavae comes from the head and neck
superior
– venae cave comes from the trunk and lower extremities
inferior
venae cave carry – blood and merge into the right atrium of the heart
deoxygenated
as the atrium –, blood with pass through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle
contracts
as the right ventricle contracts, blood passes through the – into the pulmonary arteries
pulmonary semilunar valve
– carry blood to the lungs and are the only arteries that do not carry oxygenated blood
pulmonary arteries
after gas exchange, – carry the oxygenated blood toward the left side to the heart into the systemic circuit
pulmonary veins
pulmonary veins are the only veins that carry – blood
oxygenated
blood reenters the heart through the –
left atrium
As the left atrium contracts (in sync with right atrium contraction), blood is pushed through the – into the left ventricles
bicuspid valve
when left ventricle contracts (in sync with right ventricle), blood is pushed into the aorta via the –
aortic semilunar valve
largest artery which runs along the dorsal wall of the body next to the inferior vena cava
aorta
first branches off the aorta, –, which serve to provide circulation to the surface of the heart
coronary arteries
blockage of the coronary arteries stop blood flow which is characteristic of a –
heart attack
after blood flows through the coronary arteries, deoxygenated blood is returned to the right side of the heart via -
coronary veins
cardiac muscle is – as it has the ability to contract on its own without stimulation from the nervous system
involuntary
the – that generate heart contraction need to be spread through the conducting system of the heart
impulses
– aka pacemaker, is a bundle of conducting cells in the top of the right atrium that initiate contractions
sinoatrial (SA) node
SA node sends – through the two atria, causing them to contract
electrical impulses
impulse sent from the SA node arrives at the – where the impulse is delayed for a very short time
atrioventricular (AV) node
delay at AV node ensures that all of the blood from the atria was moved to the ventricles and that the atria are – when the ventricles contract
empty
impulse is spread through the bundle of His and through – in the walls of the ventricles, causing ventricular contraction
Purkinje fibers
measure of the force of blood exerted on the walls of a blood vessel
blood pressure
blood pressure is typically measured within the –, which have enough pressure to overcome the peripheral resistance of the arterioles and capillaries
arteries
pressure exerted on arteries as the ventricles contract
systolic pressure
measurement of pressure on the arteries during ventricular relaxation
diastolic pressure
primary means of regulation of blood pressure is by regulation of – through the kidneys
blood volume
higher blood volume –>
higher blood pressure
– in humans consist of a four-chambered heart to pump blood and a series of vessels needed to transport blood in the body
cardiovascular system
