Muscular Tissue Flashcards
muscle provide structural support, help maintain posture, regulate – into the body
openings
muscles assist in thermoregulation via – that generate heat
contractions (shivering)
muscles contract to move blood in veins toward the –
heart
muscles assist in – circulation
peripheral
skeletal and cardiac muscles are –
striated
T/F: smooth muscle is not striated
true
cardiac and smooth muscles are –
involuntary
cells in skeletal muscle have – nuclei as the result of the fusing of multiple cells
multiple
muscle cells also have high levels of – to provide ATP needed for contraction
mitochondria
protein – acts as an oxygen reserve for muscles
myoglobin
muscles are a bundles of muscle cells held together by –
connective tissue
muscle cytoplasm
sacroplasm
modified endoplasmic reticulum
sacrcoplasmic reticulum
cell membrane
sacrolemma
sacrolemma interacts with the nervous system via the – tubule system (T tubule)
transverse
T tubule provides channels for – flow through the muscle and has anchor points for sarcomeres
ion
within the muscle cells are bundles of muscle fibers called –
myofibrils
myofibrils are made of protein –, troponin, tropomyosin, and myosin
actin
actin fibers have a thin diameter and associate with the proteins troponin and tropomyosin to produce –
thin filaments
myosin fibers have a thick diameter with protruding heads and are called –
thick filaments
in skeletal muscles, the actin and myosin fibers overlap each other in highly organized, repeating units called –
sacromeres
the overlapping of the actin and myosin fibers is what leads to the – of skeletal muscles
striation
the shortening of sacromeres is what causes muscle –
contractions
region of muscle tissues have where the sarcolemma is in contact via a synapse with the synaptic knobs of a motor neuron from the somatic branch of the peripheral nervous system
neuromuscular junction
a neurotransmitter called – is released from the motor neuron and binds to receptors on the sarcolemma, causing the initiation of an action potential that will result in shortening of the sarcomeres
acetylcholine
the action potential that occurs based on stimulation from the motor neuron will cause the release of – from the sarcoplasmic reticulum into the sarcoplasm
calcium
calcium binds to the – in the thin filaments, which causes a conformational shift in the tropomyosin protein in the thin filament
troponin
change in shape allows for the exposure of – on the actin
myosin binding sites
myosin heads bind to the myosin binding sites on the actin forming –
crossbridges
hydrolysis of ATP allows for the power stroke to occur, which pulls the thin filaments toward the – of the sarcomere
center
release of the myosin heads from the actin will occur when another – binds to the myosin heads
ATP
T/F: smooth muscle can be found in many parts of the body, including the bladder, digestive tract, reproductive tract, and surround blood vessels
true
cells that compose smooth muscle contain a - nucleus
single
smooth muscle contains actin and myosin but it is not as organized as – which is why smooth muscles lacks striations
sacromeres
the autonomic branch of the peripheral nervous system – smooth muscle via sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation, producing involuntary contractions
innervates
smooth muscle can perform – activity, meaning it can contract without stimulation from the nervous system
myogenic
cardiac muscle is only found in the – of the heart
myocardium
cardiac muscle is – due to the presence of sarcomeres, but it is not multinucleated like skeletal muscle
striated
T/F: like smooth muscle, cardiac muscle is innervated by the autonomic branch of the peripheral nervous system and performs myogenic activity
true
