Skeletal System Flashcards
human skeleton is an – divided into the axial and appendicular skeletons
endoskeleton
skull, – , and rib cage = axial
vertebrae
pelvic and shoulder girdles and – = appendicular
limbs
skeleton is used for protection of internal organs, support, storage of calcium and phosphates, production of blood cells, and –
movement
skeleton itself is made of bones and –
associated cartilage
cartilage is a – tissue
connective
the matrix is termed –
chondrin
primary cell type is –
chondrocyte
during embryonic development, the skeleton begins as –
cartilage
during the developmental period, much of the cartilage is subject to – where it is turned into bone by calcification
ossification
cartilage is found in adult skeleton in the nose, ears, disks between vertebrae, rib cage, joints and –
trachea
T/F: cartilage is unique in that is contains no blood vessels or nerves
true
ends of bone are typically covered in cartilage and are termed –
epiphyses
ends of bone are made primarily of – covered in a thin layer of compact bone
spongy bone
– of bone is made of compact bone surrounding a marrow cavity
shaft (diaphysis)
is a disk of cartilage that separates the diaphysis from each epiphysis
epiphyseal plate
bone lengthening occurs at the –
epiphyseal plate
– surrounds the bone in a fibrous sheath and acts as a site for the attachment of muscles via tendons
periosteum
the microscopic structure of bone consists of the matrix that is found within –
osteon
there is a – within each osteon that contains blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels
Haversian canal
the Haversian canal is surrounded by – which are concentric circles of hard matrix
lamellae
within the matrix of the lamellae, there are small spaces called – where mature bone cells reside
lacunae
found within the lacunae of osteons
osteocytes
osteocytes are – involved in the maintenance of bone tissue
mature bone cells
osteoblasts and osteoclasts are – found within bone tissue and involved in bone remodeling
immature bone cells
build bone by producing components of the matrix
osteoblast
break down bone in the process of bone reabsorption
osteoclasts
eventually, osteoblasts and osteoclasts will become trapped within a – of bone tissue and become osteocytes
matrix
osteoblasts are also responsible for – and ossification during development
bone growth
hormones – from the thyroid gland and PTH from parathyroid glands are responsible for bone remodeling
calcitonin
part of the tooth we see above the gums
crown
part of the teeth below gums
root
enamel portion of the crown is mainly composed of –
hydroxylapatite Ca5(PO4)3(OH)
soft layer that can absorb impact
dentin
dentin is covered by – a bone that is connected to the jaw (alveolar bone)
cementum
cementum and alveolar bone are connected via elastic fibers called –
periodontal ligaments