Regulation of Blood Volume and Pressure Flashcards
If – is present, more water will be reabsorbed in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct
antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
ADH increases the – of urine and decreases urine volume
concentration
If – is present, more salt will be reabsorbed from the distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts
aldosterone
water will follow the movement of salt by –
osmosis
Aldosterone causes an increased concentration of – and a decreases in urine volume
filtrate
T/F: Both ADH and aldosterone have the same effects on filtrate concentration
true
By increasing water reabsorption, – is increased
blood volume
the increase in blood volume is one way to increase –
blood pressure
the secretion of ADH and aldosterone is regulated by – produced by the kidneys
renin
Renin secretion is triggered by – in the afferent arterioles
low blood pressure
Renin converts a protein made by the – called angiotensin I to angiotensin II
liver
Angiotensin II triggers the release of ADH by the –
pituitary gland
Angiotensin II triggers the release of aldosterone by the –
adrenal cortex
– is secreted by the heart
ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide)
When the heart – due to elevated blood pressure, ANP is released
stretches
ANP decreases – by the nephrons
water and salt reabsorption
ANP results in less concentrated urine, a higher urine volume, and a – blood volume
lower
ANP causes a lower blood volume which means a – in blood pressure
decrease
As the kidneys filter blood, they also –
balance blood pH
T?F: A relatively minor change to blood pH can have drastic consequences
true
– mimic normal kidney functions for patients whose kidneys don’t work properly
dialysis
carbon dioxide interacts with water to produce
carbonic acid
carbonic acid can then dissociate into hydrogen ions and –
bicarbonate ions
blood pH can be adjusted by changing the amount of bicarbonate ions – and altering the amount of hydrogen ions retained in the nephrons
reabsorbed
When the blood pH drops and becomes more acidic, more – will return to circulation and hydrogen ions will be released in urine, which gives urine an acidic pH
bicarbonate ions
Substances remaining at the end of the distal convoluted tubules or collecting duct constitute –
urine
urine always contain water, ions, and –
nitrogenous wastes
because it was filtered directly from blood, the urine should be –
sterile
as cells dominate amino acids during protein metabolism, the resulting product is – which is highly toxic
ammonia
liver converts ammonia to a less toxic waste called –
urea
– concentrate urea and release it in the urine
kidneys
the most abundant nitrogenous waste product
urea
during nucleic acid metabolism in the cell, – is produced as the waste product
uric acid
as muscles cells utilize creatine phosphate to produce ATP, – is produced as a waste product
creatine
kidneys convert – from the diet to calcitriol which helps the body absorb calcium and phosphorous
vitamin D
kidneys secrete – which is used to stimulate RBC production in the red bone marrow
hormone erythropoietin (EPO)
