Regulation of Blood Volume and Pressure Flashcards

1
Q

If – is present, more water will be reabsorbed in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct

A

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

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2
Q

ADH increases the – of urine and decreases urine volume

A

concentration

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3
Q

If – is present, more salt will be reabsorbed from the distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts

A

aldosterone

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4
Q

water will follow the movement of salt by –

A

osmosis

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5
Q

Aldosterone causes an increased concentration of – and a decreases in urine volume

A

filtrate

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6
Q

T/F: Both ADH and aldosterone have the same effects on filtrate concentration

A

true

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7
Q

By increasing water reabsorption, – is increased

A

blood volume

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8
Q

the increase in blood volume is one way to increase –

A

blood pressure

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9
Q

the secretion of ADH and aldosterone is regulated by – produced by the kidneys

A

renin

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10
Q

Renin secretion is triggered by – in the afferent arterioles

A

low blood pressure

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11
Q

Renin converts a protein made by the – called angiotensin I to angiotensin II

A

liver

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12
Q

Angiotensin II triggers the release of ADH by the –

A

pituitary gland

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13
Q

Angiotensin II triggers the release of aldosterone by the –

A

adrenal cortex

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14
Q

– is secreted by the heart

A

ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide)

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15
Q

When the heart – due to elevated blood pressure, ANP is released

A

stretches

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16
Q

ANP decreases – by the nephrons

A

water and salt reabsorption

17
Q

ANP results in less concentrated urine, a higher urine volume, and a – blood volume

18
Q

ANP causes a lower blood volume which means a – in blood pressure

19
Q

As the kidneys filter blood, they also –

A

balance blood pH

20
Q

T?F: A relatively minor change to blood pH can have drastic consequences

21
Q

– mimic normal kidney functions for patients whose kidneys don’t work properly

22
Q

carbon dioxide interacts with water to produce

A

carbonic acid

23
Q

carbonic acid can then dissociate into hydrogen ions and –

A

bicarbonate ions

24
Q

blood pH can be adjusted by changing the amount of bicarbonate ions – and altering the amount of hydrogen ions retained in the nephrons

A

reabsorbed

25
When the blood pH drops and becomes more acidic, more -- will return to circulation and hydrogen ions will be released in urine, which gives urine an acidic pH
bicarbonate ions
26
Substances remaining at the end of the distal convoluted tubules or collecting duct constitute --
urine
27
urine always contain water, ions, and --
nitrogenous wastes
28
because it was filtered directly from blood, the urine should be --
sterile
29
as cells dominate amino acids during protein metabolism, the resulting product is -- which is highly toxic
ammonia
30
liver converts ammonia to a less toxic waste called --
urea
31
-- concentrate urea and release it in the urine
kidneys
32
the most abundant nitrogenous waste product
urea
33
during nucleic acid metabolism in the cell, -- is produced as the waste product
uric acid
34
as muscles cells utilize creatine phosphate to produce ATP, -- is produced as a waste product
creatine
35
kidneys convert -- from the diet to calcitriol which helps the body absorb calcium and phosphorous
vitamin D
36
kidneys secrete -- which is used to stimulate RBC production in the red bone marrow
hormone erythropoietin (EPO)