Regulation of Blood Volume and Pressure

Question 1

If – is present, more water will be reabsorbed in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct

Answer 1

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 2

ADH increases the – of urine and decreases urine volume

Answer 2

concentration

Question 3

If – is present, more salt will be reabsorbed from the distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts

Answer 3

aldosterone

Question 4

water will follow the movement of salt by –

Answer 4

osmosis

Question 5

Aldosterone causes an increased concentration of – and a decreases in urine volume

Answer 5

filtrate

Question 6

T/F: Both ADH and aldosterone have the same effects on filtrate concentration

Answer 6

true

Question 7

By increasing water reabsorption, – is increased

Answer 7

blood volume

Question 8

the increase in blood volume is one way to increase –

Answer 8

blood pressure

Question 9

the secretion of ADH and aldosterone is regulated by – produced by the kidneys

Answer 9

renin

Question 10

Renin secretion is triggered by – in the afferent arterioles

Answer 10

low blood pressure

Question 11

Renin converts a protein made by the – called angiotensin I to angiotensin II

Answer 11

liver

Question 12

Angiotensin II triggers the release of ADH by the –

Answer 12

pituitary gland

Question 13

Angiotensin II triggers the release of aldosterone by the –

Answer 13

adrenal cortex

Question 14

– is secreted by the heart

Answer 14

ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide)

Question 15

When the heart – due to elevated blood pressure, ANP is released

Answer 15

stretches

Question 16

ANP decreases – by the nephrons

Answer 16

water and salt reabsorption

Question 17

ANP results in less concentrated urine, a higher urine volume, and a – blood volume

Answer 17

lower

Question 18

ANP causes a lower blood volume which means a – in blood pressure

Answer 18

decrease

Question 19

As the kidneys filter blood, they also –

Answer 19

balance blood pH

Question 20

T?F: A relatively minor change to blood pH can have drastic consequences

Answer 20

true

Question 21

– mimic normal kidney functions for patients whose kidneys don’t work properly

Answer 21

dialysis

Question 22

carbon dioxide interacts with water to produce

Answer 22

carbonic acid

Question 23

carbonic acid can then dissociate into hydrogen ions and –

Answer 23

bicarbonate ions

Question 24

blood pH can be adjusted by changing the amount of bicarbonate ions – and altering the amount of hydrogen ions retained in the nephrons

Answer 24

reabsorbed

Question 25

When the blood pH drops and becomes more acidic, more -- will return to circulation and hydrogen ions will be released in urine, which gives urine an acidic pH

Answer 25

bicarbonate ions

Question 26

Substances remaining at the end of the distal convoluted tubules or collecting duct constitute --

Answer 26

urine

Question 27

urine always contain water, ions, and --

Answer 27

nitrogenous wastes

Question 28

because it was filtered directly from blood, the urine should be --

Answer 28

sterile

Question 29

as cells dominate amino acids during protein metabolism, the resulting product is -- which is highly toxic

Answer 29

ammonia

Question 30

liver converts ammonia to a less toxic waste called --

Answer 30

urea

Question 31

-- concentrate urea and release it in the urine

Answer 31

kidneys

Question 32

the most abundant nitrogenous waste product

Answer 32

urea

Question 33

during nucleic acid metabolism in the cell, -- is produced as the waste product

Answer 33

uric acid

Question 34

as muscles cells utilize creatine phosphate to produce ATP, -- is produced as a waste product

Answer 34

creatine

Question 35

kidneys convert -- from the diet to calcitriol which helps the body absorb calcium and phosphorous

Answer 35

vitamin D

Question 36

kidneys secrete -- which is used to stimulate RBC production in the red bone marrow

Answer 36

hormone erythropoietin (EPO)