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Biol 1410 > Urinary System > Flashcards

Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

Structures in urinary system

A
  • kidneys (2)
  • ureters (2)
  • urinary bladder
  • urethra
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2
Q

Functions of urinary system

A

regulates blood volume and pressure, pH, ion concentrations and eliminates wastes

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3
Q

Position of kidneys

A

retroperitoneal and right kidney lower than left

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4
Q

Kidney is protected by the..

A

renal capsule which is adipose tissue and renal fascia

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5
Q

Renal hilus

A

medial indentation, entry point of renal artery, renal vein, ureter and nerves

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6
Q

Renal artery is

A

superior

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7
Q

Renal vein is

A

inferior

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8
Q

Internal anatomy of kidneys contain

A
  • renal cortex (superficial)

- renal medulla

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9
Q

Renal medulla contains

A

-renal pyramids (6 per kidney)

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10
Q

Renal pyramids narrow end is called..

A

apex of pyramid or renal papilla

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11
Q

Renal columns

A

separate pyramids, contain blood vessels

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12
Q

Nephron

A

functional unit of kidney (microscopic)

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13
Q

Nephron composed of

A

renal corpuscle and renal tubules

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14
Q

Renal corpuscle

A

in cortex, site of blood filtration and first step in urine formation

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15
Q

Parts of the renal corpuscle

A
  • glomerulus
  • Bowman’s capsule
  • filteration membrane
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16
Q

Glomerulus

A

= capillary bed

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17
Q

Bowman’s capsule

A

surrounds glomerulus, collects filtration from glomerulus

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18
Q

2 layers of Bowman’s capsule

A
  • outer =simple squamous epithelium

- inner =podocytes wrapped around glomerular capillaries

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19
Q

Filteration membrane consists of

A
  • glomerular endothelium
  • basement membranes
  • podocytes
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20
Q

Glomerular endothelium (capillaries)

A

simple squamous with pores

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21
Q

Podocytes

A

(of Bowman’s capsule) simple epithelium, projections blind to glomerulus

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22
Q

3 parts of the renal tubules

A
  • proximal convoluted tubule
  • loop of henle
  • distal convoluted tubule
23
Q

Proximal convoluted tubule

A

(PCT) in cortex

24
Q

Loop of henle

A

descending and ascending limbs, in medulla

25
Q

Distal convoluted tubule

A

(DCT) in cortex

26
Q

2 types of nephrons

A
  • cortical (85%)

- juxtamedullary (15%)

27
Q

Cortical nephrons

A

renal corpuscles near kidney surface in cortex, short loop of henle in outer medulla, composed of peri tubular capillaries

28
Q

Juxtamedullary nephrons

A

renal corpuscules in cortex very close to medulla

29
Q

Juxtamedullary have long..

A

loops which penetrate deep into medulla which also allows concentration of urine depending on need, contain peri tubular capillaries and vasa recta

30
Q

Juxtaglomerular specifically allow for the ..

A

concentration and dilution of urine

31
Q

Parts of the juxtaglomerular complex

A
  • tubular portion

- arteriolar portion

32
Q

Tubular portion of juxtaglomerular complex

A

modified (tall and narrow) ascending limb cells (macular densa)

33
Q

Arteriolar portion of juxtaglomerular complex

A

afferent and efferent artiolar portion (granular)

34
Q

Arteriolar portion’s function of juxtaglomerular complex

A

monitor blood pressure and contain renin

35
Q

Ureters histology

A
  • mucosa
  • muscularis externa
  • adventitia/serosa
36
Q

Mucosa in ureters

A

transitional epithelium

37
Q

Muscularis externa in ureters

A

smooth muscle with 3 layers

38
Q

Ureters are..

A

retroperitoneal

39
Q

Urinary bladder histology

A
  • mucosa
  • muscularis externa
  • adventitia/serosa
40
Q

Mucosa of urinary bladder

A

transitional epithelium with rugae

41
Q

Muscularis externa of urinary bladder

A

=detrusor muscle

42
Q

Adventitia/serosa of urinary bladder

A
  • adventitia =anterior, posterior, inferior

- serosa= superior

43
Q

Internal structure in the urinary bladder

A

triangle of 2 ureters and urethra openings = trigone

44
Q

Internally in the urinary bladder lacks

A

rugae, allows opening to remain in fixed position

45
Q

Urethra histology

A
  • mucosa

- muscularis externa

46
Q

Mucosa of the urethra

A

transitional to stratified squamous epithelium

47
Q

Muscularis externs of urethra

A

smooth muscle

48
Q

2 sphincters of the urethra

A
  • internal urethra sphincter

- external urethra sphincter

49
Q

The 2 sphincters of the urethra both..

A

surround proximal end of urethra

50
Q

Internal sphincter of urethra

A

thickening of detrusor muscle at base of bladder (smooth muscle)

51
Q

External sphincter of urethra

A

in urogenital diaphragm (skeletal muscle)

52
Q

Function of urethra in females

A

transports urine

53
Q

Function of urethra in males

A

transports urine and semen

Biol 1410 (17 decks)

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