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Biol 1410 > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

2 subdivisions of respiratory system

A
  • upper

- lower

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2
Q

Upper respiratory system contains

A

nose, nasal cavity, pharynx

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3
Q

Lower respiratory system contains

A

larynx, trachea, bronchial tree, lungs

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4
Q

Respiratory system lined with ….

A

mucosa

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5
Q

Tissue types in respiratory system

A

epithelial tissue and connective tissue

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6
Q

Subtype of epithelial tissue

A

ciliated psuedostratified columnar

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7
Q

Connective tissue layer of all mucosa =

A

lamina propria

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8
Q

Nose made up of

A

bone and hyaline cartilage

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9
Q

Nostrils also known as

A

nares

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10
Q

Nasal cavity function

A
  • airway passage
  • olfaction
  • speech
  • moisten, warm, filter incoming air
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11
Q

Nasal cavity divided by..

A

nasal septum

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12
Q

Anterior part of nasal septum

A

hyaline cartilage

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13
Q

Posterior part of nasal cavity

A

vomer, ethmoid, maxillae, palatine bones

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14
Q

4 areas of nasal cavity

A
  • anterior vestibule
  • respiratory area
  • olfactory area
  • left and right sides of cavity
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15
Q

Anterior vestibule

A

anterior region lined by skin and hair

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16
Q

Respiratory area is the ____ area

A

posterior

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17
Q

Mucosa in respiratory area subtype

A

ciliated pseudo stratified epithelium and CT

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18
Q

What protrudes from walls of respiratory area

A

chonchae

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19
Q

3 chonchae in respiratory area

A
  • superior
  • middle
  • inferior
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20
Q

Inferior nasal chonchae

A

nasal meatuses (shallow grooves)

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21
Q

Function of chonchae and meatuses

A

cause air turbulence to knock out dust

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22
Q

Lacrimal duct opens to..

A

respiratory area, just below inferior nasal chonchae

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23
Q

Olfactory area

A

sense of smell, roof of nasal cavity

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24
Q

Paranasal sinuses

A

8 air filled spaces in skill that open directly into nasal cavity

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25
Q

8 paranasal sinuses are paired and located in..

A

frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, and maxillae

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26
Q

Function of paranasal sinuses

A

warm, moisten air, and lighten skill

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27
Q

Sinusitis

A

inflammation of mucous membrane

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28
Q

Pharynx also known as..

A

throat

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29
Q

3 regions of the pharynx

A
  • nasopharynx
  • oropharynx
  • laryngopharynx
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30
Q

Nasopharynx

A

posterior to nasal cavity, air passage only

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31
Q

Nasopharynx contains

A
  • pharyngeal tonsil
  • 2 posterior nasal apertures
  • 2 eustachian tubes
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32
Q

Oropharynx

A

posterior to oral cavity, air and food passage

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33
Q

Subtype tissue of oropharynx

A

stratified squamous epithelium

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34
Q

Oropharynx contains

A
  • palatine tonsils

- lingual tonsil

35
Q

Oropharynx goes from the ______ to top of ______

A

soft palate; epiglottis

36
Q

Laryngopharynx

A

air and food passage

37
Q

Subtype tissue of laryngopharynx

A

stratified squamous epithelium

38
Q

Laryngopharynx goes from the _____ to opening of _____

A

epiglottis; larynx

39
Q

Larynx is also known as..

A

voice-box

40
Q

Larynx

A

air passage only, made of 9 hyaline cartilage

41
Q

Unpaired cartilage of larynx

A
  • thyroid cartilage
  • cricoid cartilage
  • epiglottis
42
Q

Thyroid cartilage

A

on anterior wall, adams apple

43
Q

Cricoid cartilage

A

forms complete ring

44
Q

Epiglottis

A

covers glottis during swallowing, elastic cartilage

45
Q

Paired cartilage

A

arytenoid cartilage: attaches vocal cords

46
Q

Vocal cords

A

2 paired folds in the mucosa

47
Q

Vestibular fold

A

false vocal cords, superior fold

48
Q

Vocal fold

A

true vocal cords, inferior fold produce sound by vibration

49
Q

Glottis

A

true vocal cords and opening, closes to prevent food/liquid from entering trachea

50
Q

Laryngitis

A

inflammation of larynx

51
Q

Trachea connects..

A

larynx to main bronchi

52
Q

Trachea consists of ..

A

20 C shaped pieces of hyaline cartilage, open part of C faces esophagus allowing expansion

53
Q

Right and left lung suppurated by..

A

mediastinum

54
Q

Right lung lobes

A
  • superior
  • middle
  • inferior
55
Q

Left lung lobe and notch

A
  • inferior
  • superior
  • cardiac notch for heart
56
Q

Pleura is

A

serious membrane

57
Q

Visceral pleura

A

on surface of lung

58
Q

Parietal pleura

A

on inner thoracic wall, superior diaphragm and mediastinum

59
Q

Pleural cavity filled with..

A

serous fluid

60
Q

Pleural cavity

A

prevents friction when lungs move, holds lungs to thoracic cavity wall

61
Q

Respiratory zone consists of..

A

respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveoli

62
Q

Respiratory zone

A

O2 enters blood, CO2 enters air

63
Q

Gas exchange occurs mainly in..

A

alveoli

64
Q

3 layers of the respiratory membrane

A
  • wall of alveolus
  • basement membrane of alveolus and capillary
  • wall of capillary
65
Q

Wall of alveolus

A
  • simple epithelium

- made of 3 cell types

66
Q

3 cell types of alveolus wall

A
  • type 1 of alveolar cells
  • type 2 of alveolar cells
  • macrophages
67
Q

Type 1 alveolar cells

A

simple squamous, allow gas diffusion`

68
Q

Type 2 alveolar cells

A

simple cuboidal, secrete surfactant and allows lung to expand w/ ease

69
Q

Macrophages

A

free moving across surface of type 1 cells, remove dust and debris

70
Q

Wall of capillary

A

simple squamous epithelium

71
Q

2 routes of blood supply to the lungs

A
  • pulmonary circulation

- bronchial circulation

72
Q

Bronchial circulation

A

blood to nourish lung tissue

73
Q

Bronchial arteries

A

arise from aorta, carry oxy blood to lung tissues except respiratory portion

74
Q

Returning heart blood drains into..

A
  • bronchial vein OR

- pulmonary veins

75
Q

Pulmonary edema

A

accumulation of fluid in the lungs

76
Q

Tuberculosis

A

thickens respiratory membrane (lung tissue replaced by fibrous CT), decreased lung elasticity and gas exchange area

77
Q

Pulmonary embolism

A

blockage of pulmonary vasculature (due to blood clot)

78
Q

Pneumothorax

A

entry of air into pleural cavity, causes lung collapse

79
Q

Emphysema

A

alveolar walls break, fewer larger alveoli, decreased elasticity and recoil (hard to breathe and less air out)

80
Q

Respiratory muscles are all..

A

skeletal

81
Q

Inspiration

A

diaphragm and external intercostals contract

82
Q

Expiration

A

diaphragm and external intercostals relax

83
Q

exhaling =

A

passive

Biol 1410 (17 decks)

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