Respiratory System Flashcards
2 subdivisions of respiratory system
- upper
- lower
Upper respiratory system contains
nose, nasal cavity, pharynx
Lower respiratory system contains
larynx, trachea, bronchial tree, lungs
Respiratory system lined with ….
mucosa
Tissue types in respiratory system
epithelial tissue and connective tissue
Subtype of epithelial tissue
ciliated psuedostratified columnar
Connective tissue layer of all mucosa =
lamina propria
Nose made up of
bone and hyaline cartilage
Nostrils also known as
nares
Nasal cavity function
- airway passage
- olfaction
- speech
- moisten, warm, filter incoming air
Nasal cavity divided by..
nasal septum
Anterior part of nasal septum
hyaline cartilage
Posterior part of nasal cavity
vomer, ethmoid, maxillae, palatine bones
4 areas of nasal cavity
- anterior vestibule
- respiratory area
- olfactory area
- left and right sides of cavity
Anterior vestibule
anterior region lined by skin and hair
Respiratory area is the ____ area
posterior
Mucosa in respiratory area subtype
ciliated pseudo stratified epithelium and CT
What protrudes from walls of respiratory area
chonchae
3 chonchae in respiratory area
- superior
- middle
- inferior
Inferior nasal chonchae
nasal meatuses (shallow grooves)
Function of chonchae and meatuses
cause air turbulence to knock out dust
Lacrimal duct opens to..
respiratory area, just below inferior nasal chonchae
Olfactory area
sense of smell, roof of nasal cavity
Paranasal sinuses
8 air filled spaces in skill that open directly into nasal cavity
8 paranasal sinuses are paired and located in..
frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, and maxillae
Function of paranasal sinuses
warm, moisten air, and lighten skill
Sinusitis
inflammation of mucous membrane
Pharynx also known as..
throat
3 regions of the pharynx
- nasopharynx
- oropharynx
- laryngopharynx
Nasopharynx
posterior to nasal cavity, air passage only
Nasopharynx contains
- pharyngeal tonsil
- 2 posterior nasal apertures
- 2 eustachian tubes
Oropharynx
posterior to oral cavity, air and food passage
Subtype tissue of oropharynx
stratified squamous epithelium
Oropharynx contains
- palatine tonsils
- lingual tonsil
Oropharynx goes from the ______ to top of ______
soft palate; epiglottis
Laryngopharynx
air and food passage
Subtype tissue of laryngopharynx
stratified squamous epithelium
Laryngopharynx goes from the _____ to opening of _____
epiglottis; larynx
Larynx is also known as..
voice-box
Larynx
air passage only, made of 9 hyaline cartilage
Unpaired cartilage of larynx
- thyroid cartilage
- cricoid cartilage
- epiglottis
Thyroid cartilage
on anterior wall, adams apple
Cricoid cartilage
forms complete ring
Epiglottis
covers glottis during swallowing, elastic cartilage
Paired cartilage
arytenoid cartilage: attaches vocal cords
Vocal cords
2 paired folds in the mucosa
Vestibular fold
false vocal cords, superior fold
Vocal fold
true vocal cords, inferior fold produce sound by vibration
Glottis
true vocal cords and opening, closes to prevent food/liquid from entering trachea
Laryngitis
inflammation of larynx
Trachea connects..
larynx to main bronchi
Trachea consists of ..
20 C shaped pieces of hyaline cartilage, open part of C faces esophagus allowing expansion
Right and left lung suppurated by..
mediastinum
Right lung lobes
- superior
- middle
- inferior
Left lung lobe and notch
- inferior
- superior
- cardiac notch for heart
Pleura is
serious membrane
Visceral pleura
on surface of lung
Parietal pleura
on inner thoracic wall, superior diaphragm and mediastinum
Pleural cavity filled with..
serous fluid
Pleural cavity
prevents friction when lungs move, holds lungs to thoracic cavity wall
Respiratory zone consists of..
respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveoli
Respiratory zone
O2 enters blood, CO2 enters air
Gas exchange occurs mainly in..
alveoli
3 layers of the respiratory membrane
- wall of alveolus
- basement membrane of alveolus and capillary
- wall of capillary
Wall of alveolus
- simple epithelium
- made of 3 cell types
3 cell types of alveolus wall
- type 1 of alveolar cells
- type 2 of alveolar cells
- macrophages
Type 1 alveolar cells
simple squamous, allow gas diffusion`
Type 2 alveolar cells
simple cuboidal, secrete surfactant and allows lung to expand w/ ease
Macrophages
free moving across surface of type 1 cells, remove dust and debris
Wall of capillary
simple squamous epithelium
2 routes of blood supply to the lungs
- pulmonary circulation
- bronchial circulation
Bronchial circulation
blood to nourish lung tissue
Bronchial arteries
arise from aorta, carry oxy blood to lung tissues except respiratory portion
Returning heart blood drains into..
- bronchial vein OR
- pulmonary veins
Pulmonary edema
accumulation of fluid in the lungs
Tuberculosis
thickens respiratory membrane (lung tissue replaced by fibrous CT), decreased lung elasticity and gas exchange area
Pulmonary embolism
blockage of pulmonary vasculature (due to blood clot)
Pneumothorax
entry of air into pleural cavity, causes lung collapse
Emphysema
alveolar walls break, fewer larger alveoli, decreased elasticity and recoil (hard to breathe and less air out)
Respiratory muscles are all..
skeletal
Inspiration
diaphragm and external intercostals contract
Expiration
diaphragm and external intercostals relax
exhaling =
passive
