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Biol 1410 > Special Senses > Flashcards

Special Senses Flashcards

1
Q

Eyeball has 6 primary components

A
  • fibrious tunic
  • vascular tunic
  • nervous tunic (retina)
  • lens
  • anterior segment
  • posterior segment
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2
Q

Fibrous tunic consists of ..

A
  • sclera
  • cornea
  • conjunctiva
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3
Q

Sclera

A

avascular CT (white)

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4
Q

Cornea

A

avascular CT (transparent)

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5
Q

Conjuntiva

A

covers anterior surface of sclera, vascular mucous membrane (dilated vessels = bloodshot eyes)

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6
Q

Vascular tunic parts

A
  • choroid
  • ciliary body
  • iris
  • pupil
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7
Q

Choroid

A

contains melanin which prevents the reflection and scattering of light, highly vascular (posterior)

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8
Q

Ciliary body

A

ciliary muscle and ciliary processes, which controls the space of the lens and secrete aqueous humor

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9
Q

Iris

A

coloured part of eye

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10
Q

Pupil

A

hole in iris

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11
Q

Nervous tunic (retina) consists of the

A
  • outer pigmented layer
  • inner neural layer
  • fovea centralis
  • optic disc
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12
Q

Inner neural layer of retina’s 3 layers

A
  • photoreceptors neurons
  • bipolar cells
  • ganglion cells
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13
Q

2 types of photoreceptors

A
  • rods (black and white)

- cones (color)

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14
Q

Ganglion cells

A

axons from optic nerve (cranial nerve ll)

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15
Q

Fovea centralis

A

where light is focused, area of greatest visual acuity, no rods only cones

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16
Q

Optic disc

A

blind spot where blood vessels and optic nerve exit eye. no cones or rods

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17
Q

Lens

A

avascular, transparent

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18
Q

Cataracts =

A

clouding of lens

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19
Q

Anterior chamber

A

anterior to lens, contains aqueous humor (fluid similar to plasma) which drains into sinus located at junction between cornea and sclera

20
Q

Posterior segment

A

posterior to lens, contains vitreous humor (gel like) and not replaced

21
Q

Structural features of the ear

A
  • external ear
  • middle ear
  • inner ear
  • cochlea
22
Q

External ear

A

conducts sound

23
Q

Parts of external ear

A
  • auricle
  • auditory canal (meatus)
  • tympanic membrane (eardrum)
24
Q

Auricle/ pinna

A

elastic cartilage, covered in skin

25
Q

Middle ear functions to

A

conducts sound

26
Q

Parts of inner ear

A
  • bony labyrinth
  • membranous labyrinth
  • vestibular nerve
27
Q

Bony labyrinth lined with ..

A

periosteum and contains perilymph

28
Q

Bony labyrinth contains the

A
  • semicircular canals (equilibrium)
  • vestibule (equilibrium)
  • cochlea (hearing)
29
Q

Membranous labyrinth contains what lymph

A

contains endolymph

30
Q

Membranous labyrinth contains the ..

A
  • semicircular duct
  • utricle and saccule
  • cochlear duct
31
Q

Semicircular duct

A

inside canals and connects with the utricle

32
Q

Utricle and saccule

A

inside vestibule

33
Q

Cochlear duct

A

inside cochlea

34
Q

Cochlea is a

A

coiled structure (2.5 coils)

35
Q

Each cochlea coil has 3 channels

A
  • scala vestibuli
  • scala tympani
  • scala media
36
Q

Scala vestibuli

A

upper; perilymph and part of bony labyrinth

37
Q

Scala tympani

A

lower; perilymph and part of bony labyrinth

38
Q

Scala media

A

(cochlear duct) middle. continuation of membranous labyrinth. contains endolymph in all three membranes

39
Q

Membranes of cochlea

A
  • vestibular membrane
  • basilar membrane
  • tectorial membrane
40
Q

Vestibular membrane

A

separates the cochlear duct and scala vestibuli

41
Q

Basilar membrane

A

separates the cochlear duct and scala tympani

42
Q

Tectorial membrane

A

cover hair cells of spiral organ

43
Q

Receptors in inner ear

A

hair cells that synapse with neurons

44
Q

Hair cells in inner ear send..

A

impulses to brain via cranial nerve Vlll (vestibulcochlear nerve)

45
Q

Hairs of inner ear

A

cilia that extend to extend into endolymph

46
Q

Middle ear consist of the 3 auditory ossicles and what tube

A
  • malleus (against tympanic membrane of external ear)
  • incus
  • stapes (against oval window of inner ear)
  • eustachian tube (auditory tube)
47
Q

Functions of the ear include

A
  • conduction of sound

- hearing and equilibrium (inner ear)

Biol 1410 (17 decks)

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