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Biol 1410 > Integumentary System > Flashcards

Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

Integumentary system consists of..

A
  • skin
  • glands
  • hair
  • nails
  • nerves
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2
Q

2 layers of the skin

A
  • Epidermis

- Dermis

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3
Q

Epidermis is.. and its major tissue and sub tissue

A
  • Epithelial tissue derived from the ectoderm

- stratified squamous epithelium

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4
Q

Epidermis is avascular or vascular

A

avascular

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5
Q

Epidermis separated in to..

A

5 strata based on cell types

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6
Q

5 strata of epidermis

A
  • stratum basale
  • stratum spinosum
  • stratum granulosum
  • stratum lucidum
  • stratum corneum
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7
Q

Stratum basale

A
  • single row of cells.
  • The basal layer (bottommost, deepest layer, furthest from the outside)
  • where you sunburn/produce melanin
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8
Q

2 cell types of basale

A
  • kerantinocytes (90%)

- melanocytes (8%)

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9
Q

Kerantinocytes

A

undergo mitosis**, make keratin, migrate to surface as new cells produced in basale

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10
Q

Melanocytes

A

produce pigment for UV light protection,

cells produce different amounts/shades of melanin (skin color)

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11
Q

Stratum spinosum

A

(look spiney) limited cell division occurring

  • Several cell layers thick
  • many keratinocytes layered atop of one with melanin granules scattered throughout
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12
Q

Stratum granulosum

A
  • contain dark granule
  • 3 to 5 cell layers thick
  • all cells above this layer (closer to the surface of the body) are too far above the blood supply to maintain life
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13
Q

Stratum lucidum

A
  • flat dead cells
  • visible in only thick* skin
  • 2 to 3 layers
  • appears as a clear band of cells with indistinct boundaries under the microscope
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14
Q

Stratum corneum

A
  • 30 layers of flat dead cells filled w/ keratin surrounded by waterproofing glycolipid.
  • shed and replaced by cells from mitosis below
  • outer most layer
  • function in protection* and moisture
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15
Q

Dermis consists of what cells and how large is it

A

fibroblasts (make matrix), fibrocytes (protect matrix) and matrix
VERY large compared to epidermis

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16
Q

2 sublayers of dermis

A
  • Papillary

- Reticular

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17
Q

Papillary layer

A

directly under epidermis
loose areolar CT,
vascular
has projection into epidermis (dermal papillae)

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18
Q

Reticular layer

A

deepest layer away from skin surface
most of dermis (80%)
dense irregular CT (can be stretched)
(stretching can cause striae which is stretch marks)

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19
Q

Hypodermis

A
  • NOT part of the dermis
  • subcutaneous layer
  • superficial fascia binds the skin to muscle
  • adipose CT tissue below skin (50% of adipose is here)
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20
Q

Melanin is found within the…

A

stratum basale and the stratum spinosum of the epidermis

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21
Q

Thin and thick skin refers to..

A

epidermis

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22
Q

Thin skin

A
  • lucidum not apparent
  • has hair follicles, sebaceous glands, arrector pili muscles
  • everywhere but hands and feet
23
Q

Thick skin

A
  • (palm of hand and sole of foot)
  • lucidum visible,
  • no hair follicles, sebaceous glands, or arrector pili muscles
  • no oil production but can sweat
24
Q

Epidermal derivates

A
  • hair
  • nails
  • exocrine glands
25
Q

Parts of hair

A
  • root
  • shaft
  • hair follicle
26
Q

Hair root

A
  • found below the skin surface
  • Keratinization is still ongoing
  • Found deep within the follicle
27
Q

Hair shaft

A
  • projects above the skin surface

- Keratinization is complete here

28
Q

Hair follicle

A

-down from the epidermal surface into the dermis

29
Q

Expanded region at deepest point of hair follicle is called.. and contains..

A

the hair bulb

Contains a knot of capillaries that supplies nutrients to the growing hair and signals it to grow

30
Q

The hair matrix is the actively dividing the area of the hair bulb and produces

A

the hair

31
Q

Associated with each hair follicle is..

A
  • root hair plexus (nerve ending)
  • sebaceous (oil) gland
  • arrector pili muscle
32
Q

How sweat evaporates from the skin to cool off

A
  • then heat from the body is used to break hydrogen bonds between water molecules in sweat
  • This heat is no longer available to warm the body
  • Water molecules evaporate when hydrogen bonds no longer hold them on the skin surface
33
Q

What part of nail is responsible for growth

A

nail matrix

34
Q

Nails are made of

A

heavily keratinized epidermal cells found within the stratum corneum

35
Q

Nails consist of..

A
  • proximal root
  • nail body
  • free edge
36
Q

4 types of skin exocrine glands

A
  • sebaceous glands
  • sudoriferous glands
  • ceruminous glands
  • mammary glands
37
Q

Sebaceous glands

A

connected mainly to hair follicles, secretes sebum

38
Q

Sebum

A

oil (mix of fats, salt, proteins)
softens, lubricates hair and skin
prevents drying out (water loss)
antibiotic properties

39
Q

Sudoriferous glands produce ..

A

sweat

40
Q

Sudoriferous glands act to..

A
  • cool body down
  • antibiotic function (lysozyme break down bacteria)
  • removes waste (urea)
41
Q

Ceruminous glands

A

modified sweat glands in ear canal

produce ear wax

42
Q

Mammary glands

A

modified sweat glands, produce milk

43
Q

Cutaneous sense receptors

A

nerve endings form from the end of sensory neurons

44
Q

Cutaneous sense receptors

A

found in the skin

Respond to stimuli such as touch

45
Q

4 varieties of cutaneous sense receptors

A
  • touch receptors
  • pressure receptors
  • thermoreceptors
  • nocireceptors
46
Q

Touch receptors

A

free nerve endings in epidermis
root hair plexuses which wraps around hair follicle (not encapsulated)
messiness corpuscles in dermal papillae

47
Q

Pressure receptors

A

free nerve endings

pacinian corpuscles deep in dermis of hypodermis

48
Q

Themoreceptors

A

free nerve endings for temperature

more nerve endings for cold

49
Q

Nociceptors

A 
free nerve endings for pain
function for protection (makes you aware)
50
Q

Dermal ridges in the papillary layer form..

A

finger prints

51
Q

Melanin found in 2 forms that

A

that range in color from yellow to tan to reddish brown to black

52
Q

Albinos are..

A

unable to produce melanin

53
Q

Pink tinge

A

seen in fair skinned people, comes from hemoglobin found within the vascular dermal layer of the skin

Biol 1410 (17 decks)

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