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Anatomy > Urinary System > Flashcards

Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

bean-shaped organ, about the size of a tightly clenched fist

located retroperitoneal, between the levels of the last thoracic and third lumbar vertebrae

A

kidneys

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2
Q

_ kidney is lower than _

A

R

L

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3
Q

Layers of tissue that surrounds the kidneys

A

Renal Capsule
Adipose Capsule
Renal Fascia

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4
Q

deep layer composed of smooth transparent sheet of dense irregular connective tissue

A

Renal capsule

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5
Q

middle layer composed of mass o fatty tissue surrounding the renal capsule

protects the kidneys from trauma and holds the kidneys in place within the abdominal cavity

A

Adipose capsule

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6
Q

superficial layer composed of thin layer of dense connective tissue that anchors the kidneys to the abdominal wall

A

Renal Fascia

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7
Q

superficial, smooth-textured reddish area

A

Renal cortex

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8
Q

deep, reddish-brown inner region that contains 8-18 cone-shaped renal pyramids

A

Renal medulla

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9
Q

a triangular region in the medulla with a striped appearance

A

Renal pyramids

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10
Q

towards the cortex

A

base of renal pyramids

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11
Q

center of the kidney

A

apex of renal pyramids

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12
Q

extension of the cortex-like tissues between the pyramids

A

Renal columns

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13
Q

cup-shaped areas that enclose the tip of the pyramids

A

Renal calyx

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14
Q

collect urine from the pyramids and into the renal pelvis

A

minor and major calyces

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15
Q

larger funnel formed by the union of calyces from all the pyramids and attached to the ureters where it empties the urine coming from the calyx

A

Renal pelvis

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16
Q

functional unit of the kidney

1.3 million/ kidney and irreparable

A

nephron

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17
Q

two types of nephron

A

juxtamedullary nephron

cortical nephron

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18
Q

situated close to cortex-medulla junction; loops of Henle and extends deep into the medulla

A

Juxtamedullary nephron

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19
Q

situated almost entirely within the cortex and loops of Henle and do not extend into the medulla

A

cortical nephron

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20
Q

Two parts of Nephron

A

Renal Corpuscle

Renal Tubules

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21
Q

where blood plasma is filtered

A

Renal Corpuscle

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22
Q

Components of Renal Corpuscle

A

Bowman’s capsule

Glomerulus

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23
Q

Functions of Urinary System

A 
Excretion
Regulation of blood volume and pressure
Regulation of the concentration of solutes in the blood
Regulation of blood pH
Regulation of red blood cell synthesis
Vitamin D synthesis
23
Q

Mass /knot of capillary loops at the beginning of each nephron

A

Glomerulus

24
Double-walled epithelial cup that surrounds the glomerular capillaries
Bowman's capsule
25
specialized cells present in glomerulus
podocytes
26
where filtered fluid passes
Renal Tubules
27
Sections of Renal Tubules
Proximal Convoluted Tubule Loop of Henle Distal Convoluted Tubule Collecting Tubule
28
portion of the nephron that extends from Bowman's capsule to the descending limb of Henle's loop
Proximal Convolute Tubule
29
U-shaped part of the nephron extending from the proximal to distal tubule and consisting of descending and ascending limb
Loop of Henle
30
tubule of the nephron that extends from the ascending limb o the loop of Henle
Distal Convoluted Tubule
31
straight tubule that extends from the cortex of the kidney to the tip of the renal pyramid
Collecting Tubule
32
triangular-shaped portion of the urinary bladder located between the opening of the ureters and the opening of the urethra
Trigon
33
small tubes that carry urine from the renal pelvis of the kidneys to the posterior-inferior portion of the urinary bladder
Ureters
34
smooth, collapsible muscular sac located retroperitoneally in the pelvis just posterior to the symphysis pubis temporary storage of urine with maximum capacity of 1000 ml
Urinary Bladder
35
3 layers of smooth muscle on the bladder wall
Detrusor muscles
36
smooth muscle at the bladder-urethre junction in male that keeps urethra closed when urine is not being passed
Internal Urethral sphincter
37
thin-walled tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside Female 1-1.2 in Male 8 in
Urethra
38
skeletal muscle that surrounds the urethra as it extends to the pelvic wall
external urethral sphincter
39
capillaries in loop of henle
vasa recta
40
composed mostly of water and contains organic waste product such as urea, uric acid and creatinine as well as excess ions ( Na, K, Cl, HCO3, H)
urine
41
Processes in Urine Formation
Filtration | Reabsorption
42
movement of solutes and solvent through semi-permeable membrae from an area of greater pressure (glomerulus) to an area of lower pressure (bowman's capsule)
filtration
43
cannot go through glomerulus
protein
44
fluid passes from glomerulus to bowman's capsule
filtrate
45
fluid that enters the capsular space
renal filtrate
46
fraction of blood plasma in the afferent arterioles of the kidneys that become glomerular filtrate
filtration fraction
47
the amount of filtrate formed in all renal corpuscles of bothe kidneys each minute (125 ml/min)
Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)
48
movement of water and solutes (glucose, amino acids and needed ions) from the filtrate across the peritubular capillaries back to the blood ( known as tubular reabsorption)
Reabsorption
49
reabsorb solutes (active transport) and water (osmosis)
proximal tubules
50
reabsorb solutes (diffusion) and water (osmosis)
descending limb of loop of Henle
51
reabsorb solutes (diffusion) but not permeable to water
Ascending limb of loop of henle
52
reabsorption controlled by hormone ADH
distal tubules and collecting ducts
53
movements of solutes (ammonia, creatinine, some drugs) and ions (H,K) from the blood to peritubular capillaries or tubule cells into the filtrate for elimination in urine
secretion
54
act of emptying the bladder aka voiding can be controlled by higher brain centers in the cerebrum which increases conscious desire to urinate
Micturition/Renal Reflex
55
Normal Characteristic of Urine
``` clear and pale to deep yellow slightly aromatic; ammonia odor slightly acidic (6) 1.001 - 1.035 MAX 1 liter ```

Anatomy (19 decks)

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