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Anatomy > Urinary System > Flashcards

Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

bean-shaped organ, about the size of a tightly clenched fist

located retroperitoneal, between the levels of the last thoracic and third lumbar vertebrae

A

kidneys

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2
Q

_ kidney is lower than _

A

R

L

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3
Q

Layers of tissue that surrounds the kidneys

A

Renal Capsule
Adipose Capsule
Renal Fascia

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4
Q

deep layer composed of smooth transparent sheet of dense irregular connective tissue

A

Renal capsule

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5
Q

middle layer composed of mass o fatty tissue surrounding the renal capsule

protects the kidneys from trauma and holds the kidneys in place within the abdominal cavity

A

Adipose capsule

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6
Q

superficial layer composed of thin layer of dense connective tissue that anchors the kidneys to the abdominal wall

A

Renal Fascia

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7
Q

superficial, smooth-textured reddish area

A

Renal cortex

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8
Q

deep, reddish-brown inner region that contains 8-18 cone-shaped renal pyramids

A

Renal medulla

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9
Q

a triangular region in the medulla with a striped appearance

A

Renal pyramids

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10
Q

towards the cortex

A

base of renal pyramids

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11
Q

center of the kidney

A

apex of renal pyramids

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12
Q

extension of the cortex-like tissues between the pyramids

A

Renal columns

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13
Q

cup-shaped areas that enclose the tip of the pyramids

A

Renal calyx

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14
Q

collect urine from the pyramids and into the renal pelvis

A

minor and major calyces

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15
Q

larger funnel formed by the union of calyces from all the pyramids and attached to the ureters where it empties the urine coming from the calyx

A

Renal pelvis

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16
Q

functional unit of the kidney

1.3 million/ kidney and irreparable

A

nephron

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17
Q

two types of nephron

A

juxtamedullary nephron

cortical nephron

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18
Q

situated close to cortex-medulla junction; loops of Henle and extends deep into the medulla

A

Juxtamedullary nephron

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19
Q

situated almost entirely within the cortex and loops of Henle and do not extend into the medulla

A

cortical nephron

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20
Q

Two parts of Nephron

A

Renal Corpuscle

Renal Tubules

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21
Q

where blood plasma is filtered

A

Renal Corpuscle

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22
Q

Components of Renal Corpuscle

A

Bowman’s capsule

Glomerulus

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23
Q

Functions of Urinary System

A 
Excretion
Regulation of blood volume and pressure
Regulation of the concentration of solutes in the blood
Regulation of blood pH
Regulation of red blood cell synthesis
Vitamin D synthesis
23
Q

Mass /knot of capillary loops at the beginning of each nephron

A

Glomerulus

24
Q

Double-walled epithelial cup that surrounds the glomerular capillaries

A

Bowman’s capsule

25
Q

specialized cells present in glomerulus

A

podocytes

26
Q

where filtered fluid passes

A

Renal Tubules

27
Q

Sections of Renal Tubules

A

Proximal Convoluted Tubule
Loop of Henle
Distal Convoluted Tubule
Collecting Tubule

28
Q

portion of the nephron that extends from Bowman’s capsule to the descending limb of Henle’s loop

A

Proximal Convolute Tubule

29
Q

U-shaped part of the nephron extending from the proximal to distal tubule and consisting of descending and ascending limb

A

Loop of Henle

30
Q

tubule of the nephron that extends from the ascending limb o the loop of Henle

A

Distal Convoluted Tubule

31
Q

straight tubule that extends from the cortex of the kidney to the tip of the renal pyramid

A

Collecting Tubule

32
Q

triangular-shaped portion of the urinary bladder located between the opening of the ureters and the opening of the urethra

A

Trigon

33
Q

small tubes that carry urine from the renal pelvis of the kidneys to the posterior-inferior portion of the urinary bladder

A

Ureters

34
Q

smooth, collapsible muscular sac located retroperitoneally in the pelvis just posterior to the symphysis pubis

temporary storage of urine with maximum capacity of 1000 ml

A

Urinary Bladder

35
Q

3 layers of smooth muscle on the bladder wall

A

Detrusor muscles

36
Q

smooth muscle at the bladder-urethre junction in male that keeps urethra closed when urine is not being passed

A

Internal Urethral sphincter

37
Q

thin-walled tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside

Female 1-1.2 in
Male 8 in

A

Urethra

38
Q

skeletal muscle that surrounds the urethra as it extends to the pelvic wall

A

external urethral sphincter

39
Q

capillaries in loop of henle

A

vasa recta

40
Q

composed mostly of water and contains organic waste product such as urea, uric acid and creatinine as well as excess ions ( Na, K, Cl, HCO3, H)

A

urine

41
Q

Processes in Urine Formation

A

Filtration

Reabsorption

42
Q

movement of solutes and solvent through semi-permeable membrae from an area of greater pressure (glomerulus) to an area of lower pressure (bowman’s capsule)

A

filtration

43
Q

cannot go through glomerulus

A

protein

44
Q

fluid passes from glomerulus to bowman’s capsule

A

filtrate

45
Q

fluid that enters the capsular space

A

renal filtrate

46
Q

fraction of blood plasma in the afferent arterioles of the kidneys that become glomerular filtrate

A

filtration fraction

47
Q

the amount of filtrate formed in all renal corpuscles of bothe kidneys each minute (125 ml/min)

A

Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)

48
Q

movement of water and solutes (glucose, amino acids and needed ions) from the filtrate across the peritubular capillaries back to the blood ( known as tubular reabsorption)

A

Reabsorption

49
Q

reabsorb solutes (active transport) and water (osmosis)

A

proximal tubules

50
Q

reabsorb solutes (diffusion) and water (osmosis)

A

descending limb of loop of Henle

51
Q

reabsorb solutes (diffusion) but not permeable to water

A

Ascending limb of loop of henle

52
Q

reabsorption controlled by hormone ADH

A

distal tubules and collecting ducts

53
Q

movements of solutes (ammonia, creatinine, some drugs) and ions (H,K) from the blood to peritubular capillaries or tubule cells into the filtrate for elimination in urine

A

secretion

54
Q

act of emptying the bladder
aka voiding
can be controlled by higher brain centers in the cerebrum which increases conscious desire to urinate

A

Micturition/Renal Reflex

55
Q

Normal Characteristic of Urine

A 
clear and pale to deep yellow
slightly aromatic; ammonia odor
slightly acidic (6)
1.001 - 1.035
MAX 1 liter

Anatomy (19 decks)

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